218 Gastric Glands of Dog after Gastroenterostomy 
genic cells does not therefore seem necessary to account for the phe- 
nomena he observed, and it would require for its establishment the 
study of stages other than that of six and a half months after operation. 
Fifth: Do changes of a reverse nature go on in the pyloric region of the 
stomach when the pylorus is occluded? In the light of Cade’s conclusion, 
one might expect such changes to occur, when the mucous membrane of 
this region is placed in a position where it is made part of the fundus 
and no longer performs its usual functions. This can be effected by 
artificial occlusion of the normal pylorus, and the establishment 
of a new one by gastroenterostomy in another part of the stomach. 
The development in the pyloric glands under these conditions of changes, 
which would tend to make them resemble more closely the fundus gland, 
would seem the more probable, since occasional fundus elements have 
been found in the pyloric mucosa. Stohr, 82, found parietal cells in 
human pyloric glands. They have been observed by Cade, o1, and 
Renaut (reported by Cade) in human pylori partially occluded by 
carcinoma. In man Bensley, 03, has found them beyond the pylorus in 
the glands of Brunner. 
It was obvious that these questions could be answered only by the 
study of postoperative changes in both regions of the stomach at many 
stages, and in view of the importance and significance of the conclusion 
reached, and the interesting nature of many of the questions arising, 
it seemed worth while to extend experiments along this line and to 
study with the newer technical methods these changes at many stages. 
PERSONAL EXPERIMENTS. 
I performed gastroenterostomies on a large numberof dogs, and in 
those which were to be kept one month or longer I occluded the pylorus 
also. At the time of operating, several small pieces of mucosa were 
removed from the area involved and fixed in various solutions, with a 
view to using them as controls with which the mucous membrane modified 
as a result of the experiments might be compared Jater. They served 
also for the study of the structure of the normal, healthy, gastric mucous 
membrane. The gastroenterostomies were performed on the anterior 
surface of the stomach by Woelfler’s* method of suture only, and there 
was little trouble in getting satisfactory results. One or two made on 
the posterior surface by Von Hacker’s* method were equally satisfactory. 
Operations on the anterior surface in the dog produce a new pylorus in 
a part of the stomach which is dependent when the dog is on his feet, 
‘Described in Bryant’s Operative Surgery, o5. 
