226 Gastric Glands of Dog after Gastroenterostomy 
not appear healthy. In other stages soon after the operation vacuoliza- 
tion, although present in the chief cells, was not nearly so well developed. 
The ferment forming function of these cells is completely lost. Abso- 
lutely no zymogen granules can be demonstrated in their cytoplasm 
by the neutral gentian or any other stain which I have employed. They 
assume, however, the appearance and properties of mucus forming cells, 
and contain in their free ends masses of substance staining in muci- 
carmine and muchematein. There is a transformation of ferment-form- 
ing cells into mucus-forming cells. The change is a gradual one, com- 
mencing within the first week at the line of anastomosis and extending 
radially during the following two or three weeks into the mucous mem- 
brane around it. It reaches its widest extension at some time between 
two weeks and a month after the operation and at the end of two weeks 
no zymogen granules whatever can be found within a zone 7 mm. wide 
surrounding the line of union and including within it fifty or fifty-five 
gland bodies to the radial section. In these glands the bodies are formed, 
in addition to parietal cells, of chief cells containing mucus and differing 
in no demonstrable respect from the neck chief cells (Fig. 2). 
Outside this zone the chief cells of the gland bodies contain zymogen 
granules, but in the cells of glands immediately outside it, lying at a 
distance of about 7.5 mm. from the line of union, they are present in much 
smaller numbers than normally appear. They gradually increase in num- 
ber, however, as one studies glands successively farther removed from the 
line of union. The first gland in which they appear contains often only 
one or two ferment cells and these contain only a few granules in each. 
Beyond this gland the number of ferment cells and granules steadily 
increases until the body chief cells are packed with granules between 
the nucleus and the free end and contain prozymogen between the 
nucleus and the attached end. It must be borne in mind, however, that 
in the normal mucous membrane there are found among the body chief 
cells occasional mucous cells between the ferment cells. 
At the end of one month after operation the ferment forming function 
of the modified body chief cells farthest away from the line of union com- 
mences to reassert itself and a few zymogen granules begin to appear in 
them again. This process extends gradually toward the anastomosis 
until, at six and a half months after the operation, the chief cells of the 
gland bodies next in line of union contain zymogen granules in quite nor- 
mal numbers and do not differ in any respect from the corresponding 
cells in parts of the fundus region remote from the site of operation. 
While this process is going on it may sometimes be observed that the fer- 
ment cells nearest the line of union are somewhat distant from the other 
