232 Gastric Glands of Dog after Gastroenterostomy 
explain to some extent certain clinical phenomena, for example, those 
reported by Einhorn, 02, in two patients in whose stomachs he found the 
ferment cells transformed into mucous, cells but whose health and diges- 
tion were comparatively good two years later. 
The transformation of mucous cells into ferment cells has not been 
commonly observed. Cade, o1, suggested the possibility of such trans- 
itions but says the facts are not enough to enable one to aftirm them. 
Bensley and Zimmermann considered the two forms of cells specifically 
distinct, and therefore transitions from one form to the other and back 
again were not expected a priori by the writer. 
6. Results of occlusion of the pylorus——After occlusion of the pylorus 
so that no food passes through it, a new pylorus having been formed by 
gastroenterostomy in another part of the stomach, I was not able to find 
any changes whatever indicative of the assumption by the mucosa in 
this region of the characters present normally in the fundus region. 
There was sime infiltration by round cells, but there was not at any stage 
up to and including that of ten months after the operation, any trans- 
formation or replacement of pyloric gland cells by ferment cells. No 
zymogen granules or prozymogen in any form appeared in the cells, nor 
could I find any parietal cells. The glands were always typical pyloric 
glands, in the relative depth and breadth of foveole and of gland lumina, 
in the general character of the glands and in the structure of the 
glandular elements constituting them. When, therefore, the conditions 
of existence of the pyloric mucous membrane are altered and it is placed 
as far as possible in the position normally occupied by fundus mucosa, 
it does not show any tendency to assume the morphological characteristics 
of the fundus mucosa. It must be borne in mind, however, that in 
this experiment the gastric musculature is unaltered and, it may be 
presumed, acts in exactly the same way as before the operation. So 
that while no food actually passes the pylorus, the mucous membrane 
there is still subjected to its mechanicai action to a very considerable 
extent, as the muscles of the stomach wall force the contents along the 
old course against the pyloric mucosa. 
7. Significance of results observed—The retention by pyloric gland 
cells of their original characters after occlusion of the pylorus, and the 
complete return of the cells of the glands near a new pylorus to their 
original form and function even after a transformation of over six and 
a half months duration, and in spite of their subjection to the action 
of external conditions, which are very considerably changed, seems to 
indicate for these cells a certain specificity. It does not seem to support 
