1 6 Journal of Comparative Neurology. 



kind of neurosis for the feelings due to two classes of stimuli of 

 a very similar but not identical kind. Given an excessive stim- 

 ulus which for whatever reason freely irradiates and pleasure is 

 felt, given another stimulus or the same excessive stimulus with 

 other neural conditions which prevent irradiation and produce 

 summation and overflow and pain is felt. With this as a basis 

 we are prepared to analyse the emotional complexes as intro- 

 spection and experiment may permit and refer each member to 

 its own category. It will then appear that most of the conflict- 

 ing theories have their truth elements and their reconciliation 

 has been hindered by the attempt to seek for solidarity too far 

 from the center. 



The tendency is strong now-a-days to seek for a special 

 differentiation of the nervous system corresponding to each 

 psychosis. This leads to repeated efforts to identify a pain 

 organ. One of the most extensive of recent attempts in this 

 direction is that of Frey.^ 



The author pleads for the recognition of a special "pain- 

 sense "as an element of consciousness coordinate with the other 

 senses and also for the existence of distinct end-organs and paths 

 of conduction. The " Gefiihlston " does not, then, constitute a 

 necessary attribute of all sensations, but there may be on the 

 one hand, pure (i. e. luibetonte) sensations and on the other hand 

 — and much more important — pure feelings independent of 

 ulterior sense-impressions. "Pain spots" can be localized and 

 differentiated from other spots. 



Again, some parts of the body are sensitive to pain, but 

 not to touch, i. e. the least touch is painful — e. g. the cornea. 



The organs of the pain-sense are spread over the whole 

 body. 



The painful sensation is referred much less to the affecting 

 circumstance than to the affected organ. 



Pain is peculiar in its intimate association with the reflexes. 



May the feelings of desire be placed in some category as 

 pain ? The undemonstrable assumption that there is a special 



ipREY, Max v. Die GefLihle und ihr Verhaltniss zu den Empfindungen. 

 Antrittsvorlesung, Leipzig, 1894. 



