20 Journal of Comparative Neurology. 



voked by organic, physical, sensible stimulus in any part of the 

 body, or by perceptions, ideas, thoughts transmitted through 

 the brain. It is from here that the impulses proceed that mod- 

 ify and disturb the organic life, beginning with the heart and 

 the respiration." 



Finally, then, we venture to quote nearly in full from the 

 Supplement to Woods Reference Handbook of the Medical 

 Sciences an article embodying our own ideas respecting emo- 

 tions, in their physiological relations : 



The scholastic and convenient tradition which divides 

 psychical manifestations into cognitions, volitions, and feeling, 

 permits us to single out a class of so-called mental manifesta- 

 tions, which are conceived to be determined by a form of the 

 receptivities of mind known as the susceptibilities. The most 

 careful writers have discovered in this group of "faculties " a 

 perennial source of dispute and ambiguity. 



Older psychologists conceived of feeling as obscure or 

 implicate thought, or as impotent or unexpressed impulse 

 or will. 



Hoeffding defines feeling as "that in our inward states 

 which cannot by any possibility become an element of a percept 

 or an image;" as "an inner illumination which falls on the 

 stream of sensations and ideas." Both these expressions indi- 

 cate the difficulty involved in isolating feelings, the one being 

 negative, the other an illustration. Sibbern notices that feelings 

 and will have this in common, that in both "the ideas involved 

 have a personal hold and effect, so that we yield ourselves up to 

 them and are incited to act and strive for their realization." 

 Recognizing the futility of the distinctions usually made, James 

 has boldly used feeling as synonymous with the word psychosis 

 or subjective state, and made no attempt to distinguish it from 

 thought. The emotions (German Effecte) are described as a 

 bubbling up of feeling which may greatly influence the course of 

 cognitions and volitions, or temporarily inhibit or stimulate 

 them. If emotions be strictly limited to feelings with psychical 

 (cognitive) occasion or accompaniment, much ambiguity may 

 be avoided, but it would still be necessary to insist on the es- 



