Herrick, Modem Algedoiiic Theories. 23 



that thermic and painful sensations find their way to the cortex 

 through the gray matter of the cord instead of the fibrous col- 

 umns, and affords us added data for the generalization for which 

 we are now ready, viz : Feeling is ahvays composed of two sets 

 of factors ; first, a sensational, and second a cognitive or intui- 

 tional element. The sensations which directly participate in 

 feeling are non-localized (general or total sensations), or are so 

 acute as to irradiate, and thus ally themselves with total sensa- 

 tions. The cognitions or intuitions are primarily such as iden- 

 tify the subjective state with the empirical ego. The associa- 

 tion of reflexes and instinctive responses converts the feeling 

 into an impulse which is usually embodied in the so-called 

 emotion. 



James identifies instincts and emotions as two forms of im- 

 pulse, in this usage betraying German influence. He says that 

 the class of emotional is rather larger than that of instinctive 

 impulses. Its stimuli are are more numerous, and its express- 

 ions are more internal and delicate, and often less practical. 

 The physiological plan and essence of two classes of impulse is 

 the same. This identification of the expression of the emotion 

 with the psychical element (feeling) seems illogical, inexpedient. 

 Instincts may have an emotional origin, or may be of the na- 

 ture of impulse deprived of its psychical element ; but pure 

 instinct is not emotional, though emotions may be awakened 

 by a resistance to the gratification of the instinct An impulse 

 stands on a present or historical basis. 



With this difference in distribution, the theory of emotions 

 proposed by Professors Lange and James goes far to place the 

 emotions on a plane of scientific research. As expressed by 

 the last named, his theory is about as follows : Bodily changes 

 follow directly the perception of the exciting fact, and our feel- 

 ing of the same changes as they occur is the emotion. Objects 

 excite bodily changes by a pre-organized mechanism, and these 

 changes are so indefinitely numerous and so subtle that the en- 

 tire organism may be called a sounding-board, which every 

 change of consciousness, however slight, may make reverberate. 



