148 Journal of Comparative Neurology. 



VII, VIII. The facial and auditory arise very near together 

 and form a single trunk which is joined by the ventral half of 

 the dorsal VII and becomes ganglionated a short distance from 

 the brain. From this ganglionic complex, composed of the 

 acustic ganglion and the ganglion of the seventh ( geniculate 

 g.) one division of the eighth passes laterad to enter the audi- 

 tory capsule. A very small portion of this pierces the capsule 

 by a separate foramen but immediately unites with the larger 

 portion. The remainder of the acustic fibers, representing pre- 

 sumably the ramus Jttnc7ili, together with the facial nerve and 

 the dorsal VII, passes latero-cephalad to enter the otic capsule. 

 Before it emerges there is given off the palatine nerve which 

 leaves by a separate foramen. Immediately on its leaving the 

 otic capsule, the seventh enters a ganglion of large cells, be- 

 yond which it divides into its several branches. This ganglion 

 is stated by Strong to belong to the fibers of the Dorsal VII 

 component. It is not mentioned by Herrick, but is figured by 

 Von Plessen. The customary communicating branch between 

 the ninth and the seventh exists in Nectiiriis. 



IX, X. The glossopharyngeal and vagus arise by three di- 

 visions, the more cephalic being the ninth and the representative 

 of the lateral nerve of "fishes" (Strong), while the tenth 

 arises farther caudad by several roots in two (or three ?) groups. 

 All these proceed latero-caudad to enter a ganglionic complex, 

 from which six nerves emerge. 



XL The question of how far the eleventh nerve of higher 

 forms is represented in Amphibia is a difficult one. By most 

 investigators a spinal accessory is not recognized in Amphibia. 

 Strong, ('90) in his preliminary paper upon the cranial nerves 

 of Amphibia, regarded the more caudal root of the vagus as 

 probably representing the cranial portion of the eleventh ; 

 in his final paper, no further mention is made of the eleventh, 

 and this root is there spoken of as part of the X. Mrs. Gage 

 ('93) and Fish ('95) both regarded the caudal root as the XI. 

 The writer is inclined to believe that the cranial and possibly 

 the spinal division is represented by a portion at least of this 

 root. The morphological significance of the eleventh nerve is 



