Ix Journal of Comparative Neurology. 



rather than profound. Those deaHng with square-size have an obvious 

 apphcation to decorative art which is of considerable importance. Pro- 

 fessor Baldwin's paper on Types of Reactions deals with the question 

 of "sensory" and "motor" reactions. He cites two cases in which 

 the "motor" reaction is clearly longer than the "sensory," in one case 

 fully yj, longer. He argues for the discrimination of sensory and motor 

 types of reagents and claims that the custom of Wundt and his follow- 

 ers of excluding the motor reactions when they chance to be longer than 

 the sensory is bad method. Professor Hibben gives the details of a 

 case of partial or transitory deafness, in which the subject seemed 

 totally deaf except in connection with objects of unusual interest, a 

 very instructive illustration of normal functioning carried to abnormal 

 excess. c. j. h. 



The Ganglion Cells of the Spinal Cord.^ 



This essay received the prize of the American Neurological Asso- 

 ciation. The results of the author's experiments on cats are detailed in 

 the following summary. 



1 . The severance of the continuity of a spinal nerve or of both its 

 roots is always followed by retrogressive changes both in cells which 

 are intimately connected with its posterior roots and in cells from which 

 its motor fibres originate. 



2. a. These changes may set in gradually and consist in a gradual 

 shrinkage of all parts of the cell accompanied by a modification of its 

 structure, characterized by increased affinity to certain analine stains 

 and evidently also by a solidification of its contents. 



b. Or the changes may set in acutely, being marked by swelling 

 and homogeneous transformation of the cell contents ; this transforma- 

 tion begins in a circumscribed part of the cell-body and then spreading 

 itself towards the periphery, it involves the processes and nucleus. 



This transformation may lead to liquefaction and final absorption 

 of the ceil, or may arrest itself at a certain stage. 



In specimens treated after Marchi's method, the beginning of the 

 homogeneous transformation is marked by swelling and distinct differ- 

 entiation of all parts of the cell, while normal cells receive a shrunken 

 rudimentary appearance by this method, so that their ganglionic charac- 



^B. Onuf [Onufrowicz]. The Biological and Morphological Constitution 

 of Ganglionic Cells, as influenced by Section of the Spinal Nerve Roots or Spi- 

 nal Nerves, To which is appended some remarks on localization. Journal oj 

 Nervous and Mental Disease. XX, lo, Oct., 1895. 



