36 The Cephalic Veins and Sinuses of Reptiles 
Into the sinus subnasalis discharges the sinus palato-pterygoideus 
(s. p. p., Text Fig. 4). This sinus lies on the median side of the palatine 
and pterygoid bones, beginning at the level of Jacobson’s organ and 
terminating near the level of the foramen magnum. ‘The sinus is much 
enlarged anteriorly, but it diminishes posteriorly until it is no longer 
traceable. It reaches its greatest diameter in the neighborhood of the 
choanx, behind which it is enclosed in the fold which forms the lateral 
boundary of the median palatine groove. The sinus discharges through 
small veins into the sinus subnasalis transversus. Other connections 
have not been found. 
(3) Vena Subseptalis——This irregular, sinus-like vein hes in the con- 
nective tissue under the foot of the septum nasale. It has its origin in 
the submucosa in front of the choane and runs forward on the dorsal 
side of the sinus subnasalis medius. It discharges into the transverse 
anastomosis which connects the two’ venze maxillares in front of the 
openings of Jacobson’s organ. 
(4) Vena Palatina Obliqua (v. p. o., Text Fig. 4).—Grosser and 
Brezina observed, 95, in late embryos of Tropidonotus, an anastomotic 
vein which, as described by them, connects the two ven maxillares across 
the roof of the mouth just behind the hypophysis. This vein, which is 
referred to only incidentally, belongs to a system of palatine vessels which 
must now be described. The system includes a median sinus palatinus 
medius (s. p. m.), which begins behind the choane and runs caudad 
through the submucosa, to a point just anterior to the hypophysis. Here 
the sinus divides to form two vene palatine oblique (v. p. 0.), which 
diverge from the median line and_run, one on each side of the hypophysis, 
toward the palato-pterygoid suture. Dorsal to this suture the vena pala- 
tina obliqua gives rise to a vena palato-cerebralis (v. p. c.), which runs 
dorsad to the foramen for the rami mavxillaris and mandibularis V, 
where: it joms the vena cerebralis media just outside of the cranium. 
Beyond the origin of the vena palato-cerebralis the vena palatina obliqua 
continues laterad and joins the vena maxillaris. 
The veins of the palatine group are more or less enlarged, but un- 
equally so, the paired veins being larger on the right side, corresponding 
to the inequality of the two ven maxillares. 
Til. THE CEPHALIC VEINS OF EMYS EUROPAIA. 
The cephalic veins of the Testudinata have not been studied in great 
detail. The following account, which is based on personal observation, 
is intended to supplement the descriptions of Bojanus, 19-21, Rathke, 
48, and Grosser and Brezina, 95. 
