Or 
S 
The Cephalic Veins and Sinuses of Reptiles 
communicantes n. glossopharyngei cum n. faciali begin as separate nerves 
at the ganglion glossopharyngei, though they may be connected by anasto- 
moses after they leave the ganglion. In front of their origin the ramus 
internus accompanies the glossopharyngeus and has no direct connection 
with the ramus communicans n. glossopharyngei cum n. maxillari. The 
ramus communicans externus n. glossopharyngei cum n. faciali passes 
under the constrictor muscle and approaches the ramus posterior VII 
at a point median to the origin of the chorda tympani. Here the ramus 
externus divides into three branches,-one of which bends caudad and 
enters the peripheral part of the ramus posterior VII, while a second 
branch bends forward and joins the proximal part of the same nerve. 
The third nerve crosses above the ramus posterior VII and divides into 
two parts. One of these joins the chorda tympani, the other is the pars 
lateralis of the ramus communicans n. glossopharyngei cum n. maxillari. 
Near its origin the pars lateralis is provided with a small ganglion, from 
which the nerve runs dorsad to join the pars dorsalis. 
The ramus communicans n. glossopharyngei cum n. maxillari has but 
two roots in Monitor. The dorsal root, pars dorsalis, arises as a separate 
nerve from the ganglion glossopharyngei or from the cervical sympa- 
thetic close to that ganglion. It runs forward on the median side of the 
vena jugularis interna until it reaches a point just caudal to the vena 
cerebralis posterior, where the nerve bends laterad above the jugular 
vein. It unites with the pars lateralis in front of the lateral attachment 
of the constrictor muscle. 
The m. constrictor vene jugularis interne of Lacerta agilis is inner- 
vated by small nerves which I designate nervi tumefactores capitis (see 
Text Fig. 7). In Lacerta they include: 
(a) From one to three nerves (n. v.), which spring from the pars 
ventralis of the ramus communicans n. glossopharyngeus n. maxillari. 
They emerge from the common trunk as it passes through the ventral 
part of the constrictor muscle; they supply the ventral and lateral parts 
of the muscle. 
(b) From two to four nerves (n. 7.), which arise from the ramus 
communicans internus n. glossopharyngei cum n. faciali as that nerve 
approaches the median attachment of the constrictor muscle. ‘These 
nerves enter the median attached part of the muscle and separate, some 
supplying the dorsal, some the ventral part of the muscle. 
(c) One nerve (n. e.) from the ramus communicans externus n. glos- 
sopharyngei cum n. faciali. It arises from the latter nerve a short dis- 
tance in front of the ganglion glossopharyngei and runs directly forward 
