Fred W. Thyng 499 
Volker maintains that the bile and pancreatic ducts are not developed at 
first in their final relation to one another, but that in the course of em- 
bryonic development they move in opposite directions, and that in this 
way their primary relations may be reversed. 
Kollmann, 07, shows three original pictures of the pancreas as found 
in human embryos of 7.5 mm., 5 and 6 weeks (Fig. 394, 395, u. 397). In 
each of the three embryos the duct of the dorsal pancreas, “ ductus pan- 
creaticus secundarius,” enters the intestine nearer the stomach than the 
common bile duct. 
Ingalls, 07, figures a model of a pancreas in a 4.9 mm. human embryo 
(Fig. 3 u. 4, Taf. XXX). He describes a dorsal pancreas and agrees 
Pane.v: 
Pane.d. ~D.chol. 
Fic. 6. Reconstruction from a human embryo of 13.6 mm. (H. E. C. 839). 
x 55 diams. D. chol., ductus choledochus. D. cyst., ductus cysticus. D. hep., 
ductus hepaticus. D. panc. d., ductus pancreatis dorsalis. D. panc. v., ductus 
pancreatis ventralis. Panc. d., pancreas dorsale. Panc. v., pancreas ventrale. 
St., stomach. 
with Jankelowitz that the ventral pancreas shows its double origin, “ yet 
there is only a suggestion of the paired condition.” 
Models of the human pancreas are shown in Figs. 5 and 6. Fig. 5 is 
from a human embryo of 7.5 mm. (H. EH. C. 256). The dorsal pancreas 
(Pane. d.) arises from the dorsal wall of the duodenum a little nearer 
the stomach (St.) than the bile duct (D. chol.), the posterior border of 
the pancreas being approximately on a level with the anterior wall of the 
bile duct. This pancreatic outgrowth extends into the dorsal mesentery. 
A little posterior to the duct of the dorsal pancreas, the common bile 
duct (D. chol.) opens into the ventral side of the intestine. It termi- 
