xiv Journal of Comparative Neurology. 



ture under any circumstances, but it is necessary to examine it from 

 time to time, microscopically, in order to see that no foreign bodies 

 have accidentally entered. Occasionally, owing to causes which I 

 have not determined, though I think it is due to variations in temper- 

 ature, the liquid becomes slightly opalescent from the formation of a 

 flocculent precipitate. It sometimes takes place in a portion of the 

 extract kept under apparently identical conditions with other portions 

 that remain perfectly clear. It can be entirely removed by filtration 

 through Swedish filtering paper, previously sterilized, without the fil- 

 trate losing any of its physiological or therapeutical power. 



Five minims of this extract diluted at the time of injection with a 

 similar quantity of distilled water constitutes a hypodermic dose. 



The most notable effects on the human system of a single dose 

 are as follows — though in very strong, robust and large persons, a 

 somewhat larger dose is required, never, however, exceeding ten 

 minims — 



1. The pulse is increased in the course of from five to ten min- 

 utes, or even less in some cases, by about twenty beats in a minute, 

 and is rendered stronger and fuller. At the same time there is a feel- 

 ing of distention in the head, the perspiration is largely increased, the 

 face is slightly flushed, and occasionally there is a mild frontal, verti- 

 cal, or occipital headache, or all combined, lasting, however, only a 

 few minutes. 



2. A feeling of exhilaration is experienced which endures for 

 several hours. During this period the mind is more than usually ac- 

 tive and more capable of effort. This condition is so well marked 

 that if a dose be taken about bedtime, wakefulness is the result. 



3. The quantity of urine excreted is increased, when other 

 things are equal, by from eight to twelve ounces in twenty-four hours. 



4. The expulsive force of the bladder, and the peristaltic action 

 of the intestines are notably augmented, so much so that in elderly 

 persons in whom the bladder does not readily empty . itself without 

 considerable abdominal effort, this action is no longer required, the 

 bladder discharging itself fully and strongly, and any existing ten- 

 dency to constipation disappears, and this to such an extent that fluid 

 operations are often produced from the rapid emptying of the small 

 intestine. 



5. A decided increase in the muscular strength and endurance 

 is noticed at once. Thus, I found in my own case that I could '"put 

 up" a dumb-bell weighing forty-five pounds fifteen times with the 

 right arm and thirteen times with the left arm, while after a single 



