XXX Journal of Comparative Neurology, 



bulb which consists of a capsule filled with deeply staining particles in 

 a highly refracting substance. A second form of end organ has the 

 terminal knobs of the fibres more separately disposed among the fibres. 

 The granular zone at the base of the follicles of Lieberkiihn is 

 devoid of nervous structures while the bundles passing through it 

 divide into those destined to the plexuses of the villous and Lieber- 

 kiihn portions. The latter ramify in the adenoid tissue between the 

 follicles forming an open plexus. The fibres to the villus are usually 

 distinct in origin and pursue a zigzag course, often twisting about each 

 other and terminate in end bulbs. The author does not regard these 

 bulbs as cells but as homologues of the tactile corpuscles of the skin. 

 The nervous supply of the mucosa is wholly derived from the plexus 

 of Meissner. Free aborescent terminations were not found. 



Circulatory Changes in Hypnosis.^ 



Dr. Kraup has shown that in hypnotic states the portions of the 

 brain which have their function reduced are those which are supplied 

 by the internal carotic arteries, while those parts which are function- 

 ally more excitable are^jsupplied by the vertebral arteries. He be- 

 lieves that the carotid arteries are contracted and the vertebral arteries 

 dilated during deep hypnotic sleep and finds the symptoms — such as 

 the flushed face and changes in masseters, glands, eyes, etc. in har- 

 mony with the hypothesis. Hyperaemia of the pons and cord may 

 account for the cataleptic state of the muscles. 



Mirror Writing.^ 



It is shown that among left-handed imbeciles there is a more or 

 less apparent tendency to write backward in such a way that it can 

 only be read when reversed by reflection in a mirror. 



Those who have practiced mirror writing find it easier with the 

 left hand. An experiment was tried with a class of sixty children 

 who were told to write their names with their left hands. Out of the 

 number five wrote in mirror writing and these were the only left- 

 handed pupils in the school. 



The Ms. codex Atlanticus of Leonardo da Vinci, which is in 

 mirror writing, is supposed to be the result of paralysis of the right 

 side, which forced him to write with the left hand. The author be- 

 lieves that the image or localized changes is inverted in these cases. 



1 Hospitals- Fidende. 1892, p._777. 



^Ireland, W. W. Alienist and Neurologist, XIV, i, Jan., 1893. 



