Literary Notices. Hii 



A very common result of congenital impairment of the higher 

 parts of the nervous system is that we often get inharmonious action 

 of the muscles of the two sides, perhaps owing to imperfect develop- 

 ment of commissures. 



The Limits of Animal Intelligence.' 



Any moment of consciousness embraces a psychical wave with a 

 summit or crest of full consciousness, a short rising slope of dawning 

 consciousness, a longer falling slope of waning consciousness and a 

 considerable base of subconscious elements. We may fairly suppose 

 that in the dog the wave of consciousness is of like general nature to 

 that in man, no matter how different may be the states of conscious- 

 ness which go to its formation. 



What in terms of wave-analogy are impressions of relation? 

 They are states of consciousness accompanying the transition of the 

 psychical wave from one phase to another. If the transitions are of 

 certain kinds we predict the relation ot similarity or dissimilarity. Ac- 

 cording to Morgan, the great difference between merely feeling or 

 sensing relations and cognizing them, is that in the latter case the 

 relations are focussed in consciousness when both have been given in 

 consciousness and the process involves introspection and reflection. 



The sensing of complex relations is the foundation of practical 

 skill. The cognition of relations underlies knowledge. Provisionally 

 it is claimed that this distinction is a valid one and that animal con- 

 sciousness is limited to the former. 



The Sensibilities in Women.- 



The author shows that if woman were relatively as sensitive to 

 pain, physical and psychical, as man, she would possess a less instead 

 of a greater average longevity. He believes that her sensibility is 

 really much less, adducing the testimony of physicians, surgeons and 

 dentists, who agree that in general woman is capable of enduring the 

 pain of an operation with greater fortitude than man. The suggestion 

 that she has a stronger control of her emotional expressions or has 

 habitually schooled herself to suppress such expression does not seem 

 to apply equally to the experiments made by the author himself. He 



1 Morgan, C. Lloyd. Intern. Cong. Exp. Psychology, Rep. London Meet- 

 ing, l8g2. 



''■ LuMBROSo, Cesare. La Sensibilite de la Femme. International Congres 

 of Experimental Psychology. Report of London Meeting, 1892. 



