401 



I. The hyoid is connected with the medio-colnmellar mass; cf. Beö- 

 mak's model of human embryo, Kixgsley's Lizard embryo, Howes' 

 Sphenodon, Suschkix's F a 1 c o , Versluys' and Gaupp's Lizards. 

 In this respect the hyoid behaves exactly as it does in various 

 Elasmobranchs with regard to the hyomandibula. In Lizards the 

 hyoid becomes very long, too long for the available space (perhaps 

 correlated with lingual functions), and it forms a high loop, thereby 

 causing the peculiar loop of the chorda tympani. At C the l>ent 

 hyoid becomes connected with the cranium. 

 U. The hyoid severs its original continuity' with the medio-columellar 

 mass. And 



A. Ij its upper end remains near the processus paroticus f various 



Lizards. Veeslut.s). Fusion of the hyoid with the lateral 

 portion of the extracolumella would result in the feature 

 typical of Sphenodon, and it remains a question if the 

 socalled extra- and suprastapedial (not the infrastapedial) 

 processes of this creature are parts of the hyoid or of the 

 true extracolumella. 

 2) Or the hyoid, having broken loose, leaves some cartilage 

 behind at C ("Vehsluts" cartilage"; and the hyoid horn re- 

 mains loose as in the majority of Lacertilia. 



B. The hyoid becomes attached to the labyrinthic capsule, tail- 

 wards from the stapes, as in Anura, Mammalia, Procolophon. 

 It forms the stylohyal process, the connexion of which with the 

 rest of the hyoid and with the comu anterius. is reduced to 

 ligamei\t, or it is lost (various Mammalia). 



A last modification is the development of the cartilage of 

 the outer ear from the proximal end of the hyoid. 



Yersluts has corrected an unfortunate error which I had com- 

 mitted. On Pis. 72 and 74 op. cit. I had drawn as a ligamentous 

 string what is obviously part of the chorda tympani. It is natural 

 that this blunder made comparisons rather difficult, especially as I 

 had figured also the extracolumellar- mandibular connexion. I had 

 been led into this error probably by the superficial resemblance with 

 the thin thread-like hyoid remnant which in Birds passes upwards to 

 the lateral end of the stapes, cf. PI. 74. 



Concerning the connexion of the extracolumella. or rather of its 

 processus internus, with the mandible, I am rather surprised that 

 Gaupp is not quite sure about its existence in Lizards and Birds. 

 Even in the CrocodiUa he is not quite satisfied about it. although, 



Anat. Anz. XLS. Aufsitze. 26 



