194 Karu WILHELM GENTHE, 
mandible itself appears narrow and peculiarly twisted or wharped. 
It is supported by an „apodeme“ which consists of two pieces, a 
long thin, needle-like proximal one and a distal one which flattens 
out distad (Fig. 13 and 14). 
Without being directly jointed or connected with it these 
apodemes rest on a chitinous thickening projecting inward like a 
spur from the base of the oral cirri. Muscles are attached to these 
spurs. 
The first maxilla I find again slightly different from Darwın’s 
and AURIVILLIUS drawings. The “curious membranous swelling” 
described by Darwin but not mentioned by Hancock nor AURIVILLIUS 
was not found. In some total preparations something that looked 
like it in his drawings was noticed but proved to be a little swelling 
of the sides of the mouth containing muscles. The maxilla (Fig. 11 
c and d) has the shape of a shield curved in such a way that in a 
ventral view the medial half is seen distinctly, while the lateral 
half with the large tooth has a more sagittal position and is about 
parallel with the flat surface of the mandible. The apodeme the 
connection of which with the maxilla is seen in Fig. 11, ¢ and d is 
pretty long and rests against the above mentioned spur-like chitinous 
thickening (Fig. 13, 14, 8, 16). In sections these apodemes appear 
to have a sheath of epithelium which suggests that they are shed 
in moulting. 
The second maxilla is a simple lobe with some short bristles 
at its distal portion (Fig. 11 e). 
The oesophagus (Fig. 16) with its three sets of muscles has 
been fully described by Berxpr. It leads into the stomach. 
The stomach is one of the most remarkable structures, it is 
practically omnipresent. It is best described as a complicated sac 
with some large and many small evaginations. As already noticed 
by Darwin there is no anus. The sac-stomach is stomach and 
intestine at the same time. The whole structure is very irregular, 
the two sides not being alike. There is, moreover, an individual 
difference so that I doubt whether two animals can be found that 
are alike. Yet so much can be said: the stomach consists of three 
main divisions (Fig. 8, 15, 16). The proximal portion is a sac with 
subdivisions which fill the cranial portion of the thorax, extend 
under and between the kidneys etc. From this part a sac always 
branches off towards the disk and into it near the knob of attachment. 
