Harris Hawthorne Wilder 399 



symmetry observed in other cases; probably a juncture at the side 

 of the forehead. 



3. A case is reported by Villeneuve, 31, in which the two components are 



united by the tops of the heads, extending in opposite directions, 

 like iscMopagi, only joined at the anterior instead of at the pos- 

 terior ends. They are placed in such a manner that they face in 

 opposite directions. This is figured by Porster in his Taf. Ill, 

 Fig. 16. 



(An exact counterpart of this, occurring in a hen's egg, was found 

 in my laboratory in 1895, but unfortunately was not preserved. 

 The chicks were of about the third day and were united along the 

 top of the curve formed by the brain at that age, the heads turning 

 in opposite directions.) 



4. With some doubt there may be referred here the case cited by Home, 



1790. In this a single child possessed an inverted head joined to its 

 own, vertex to vertex, the face of the extra head being directed 

 towards the right side of the child. As the supernumerary head 

 was of full size and perfect, and furthermore as there was cicat- 

 ricial tissue at the neck, it may well be supposed that this head 

 once had a body equal to the other, and that it had suffered an early 

 amputation at the neck. (See also below, under II, 1, c.) 

 c. Collection at sacrum, the components being placec^ back to back. Pygo- 

 pagi. Type: Bohemian twins, Rosalie- Josepha Blazek. These sisters were 

 born at Skreychor, Bohemia, January 20, 1878. They were examined at the 

 age of six months by Dr. August Breisky of the Medical Faculty at Prague. 

 At thirteen they came to Paris and were exhibited to the public at the 

 Theatre de la Gaite, and were carefully examined at that time (Baudouin, gi). 

 They seemed to have been joined originally back to back, by a flexible con- 

 nection in the sacro-coccygeal region, but their habitual attitude is such that 

 they face in the same direction, each one diverging about 45° from the direct 

 forward position." The planes of the two chests thus form nearly a right 

 angle. The four iliac bones bound a double pelvis, and the four nates include 

 a quadrilateral space, within which are the external organs of a single indi- 

 vidual, but with double internal connections, one for each component. The 

 arrangement of these parts is not clear in Baudouin's description. 

 Other cases: 



1. Negro sisters, Millie-Christine, b. North Carolina, 1851. Exhibited in 



United States and in France (Paris, 1873). 



2. Tynberg's case. New York, two sisters, b. 1895. Reported by Jacobi in 



Archives of Pediatrics, October, 1895. 



Aside from these more recent cases, there are numerous well authenticated 



ones of earlier times. Of these (3) the Hungarian twins, Helena-Judith, 



are, perhaps, the best known. They were born in 1701 and lived to the age 



of 22. (4) A pair of Italian female twins of this type were born in 1700, and 



'Thus Baudouin, gi, describing Rosa-Josepha Blazek: "En les voyant 

 assises a cote I'une de I'autre sur le meme fauteuil, on soupgonne a peine leur 

 union, quand elles sont habillees. Mais a peine I'une d'elles fait elle un leger 

 mouvement, I'autre suit immediatement et se deplace en meme temps." — 

 loc. cit., p. 273-274. 



