402 



Duplicate Twins and Double Monsters 



7. Ohio sisters, Minna and Minnie Finley; described by Goodell in 1870. 



8. Jones twins, b. in Tipton Co., Indiana, June, 1889; sex not given; 



exhibited for some time and died at Buffalo, N. Y., February, 1891. 

 Aside from typical cases like the above, in which both components are 

 complete, with well developed legs, there are numerous instances in which 

 the legs of one or both sides show a greater or less reduction, with a corre- 

 sponding modification of the genitals and anus. Cases like the one figured 

 here (Fig. 2 a and &) with one pair of legs represented by a doubly bilateral 

 stump are of great interest, as coming under the same category as the median 

 arms and legs of such cases as those of subdivisions 2 (a) and 2 (c) below. 

 The case figured in Fig. 2 (c) is logically of great importance, as it fur- 

 nishes a connecting link between ischiopagi and such monsters as the Tocci 

 brothers (2 id) below). It may be considered either as (1) a case of imper- 

 fect ischiopagi like that of Fig. 2 with the median leg suppressed, or equally 

 well as (2) monsters like the Tocci brothers with a greater divergence be- 

 tween the two bodies. The monster in question is the famous " Monstrum 

 Anglicum," born to Mrs. John Waterman, Salisbury, England, October 26, 1664, 

 and although the event is now so remote It rests upon unquestionable 

 authority. At the same birth there was produced also a normal female child. 



e. Connection along the side of the body, so 

 that the components are definitely right and 

 left. Inner arms represented by a bilateral 

 median limb. {Ectopagi.) 



Type: The only case which I am able to find 

 is that of Regnault, figured both by Forster, I. c, 

 Taf. IV, Fig. 4, and by L. Blanc, 93, Fig. 111. 

 This figure I have reproduced here (Fig. 3), as 

 it serves as an interesting transition between 

 this subdivision and the next. 



Forster's description is as follows: " Weib- 

 lich; ein mittlerer Arm mit doppelter Hand. 

 Brust und Bauch seitlich verschmolzen." 



Were one to imagine the two inner legs repre- 

 sented by a bilateral median member, as in the 

 case of the median arms, the monster would be 

 the exact counterpart of Fenn's fetus or of the 

 Wilrzburg case No. 75 (2 c below). 



Fig. 3. Re^nault's ectopag-e 

 [after L. Blanc !. 



2. The Two Components Equal to One Another, but Each One Less than 

 AN Entire Individual. 



These cases form a graded series, illustrating almost every transition from 

 the cases cited under (1) to those of single and otherwise normal individuals, 

 with a duplication of a restricted median area, like that of the genitalia. 

 The doubling often affects one end of the body alone, thus producing a mon- 

 ster single below and double above, or double below and single above. 



It is to be noticed that in cases in which the doubling involves the head 

 there are two distinct personalities, one for each head, and that in each half 

 of the undivided or median portion the sensation is referred to the head of 

 tliS'i corresponding side, although there is usually a narrow zone of common 



