408 Duplicate Twins and Double Monsters 



legs alone are used In walking; two sets of external genitals, normally placed 

 with reference to the two pairs of legs; two bladders, two ani and two rec- 

 tums. " The nates from below appear as those of two individuals with a dis- 

 tinct cleft between them The functions of the duplicated organs are 



dual and entirely independent of each other, micturition and defecation occur- 

 ring at different times on the two sides. . . . She was married shortly after 

 her eighteenth birthday. . . . She is now in good health, is very intelligent, 

 is perfectly able to attend to her household duties, and was twenty years old 

 on the 12th of May, 18SS." (Wells, 88, an illustrated account.) Shortly after 

 her marriage, she became pregnant upon the left side, but an abortion was 

 induced owing to the small size of the pelvic outlet. [The above is a most im- 

 portant case, stated by Wells to be the only known instance in man of such 

 a complete doubling, although several cases have been observed in other 

 animals. Gould and Pyle, however, refer to a case cited by Heschel in 1878, 

 that of a girl of 17, with double parts below the second lumbar vertebra. 

 There are certainly other known cases in which the duplicity is less complete 

 and the inner legs more rudimentary, and of these the following will form 

 a transition to the next type (i) of this subdivision.] 



Other cases: 

 Blanche Dumas. 



I am unfortunately unable to find any original description of this import- 

 ant case, and was at first utterly misled by the only illustration of her 

 which I have seen, copied both by Wells and by Gould and Pyle. Here 

 the pelvis appears incompletely double, and one is at first misled by the 

 presence of but one leg between the two normal ones and that not a median 

 but lateral one. It seems, however, that there is also a rudiment of a fourth 

 leg, and we have only to admit the possibility of a check to its growth at an 

 early age through lack of space, as was seen in the calf described by Osborne, 

 o2, and the case becomes cl-ear. The inner leg which appears in the illustra- 

 tions seems to be the right one of the left component, while the rudiment is 

 the left one of the right component. There are two distinct sets of genitals, 

 presumably placed in the normal position relative to the four original legs 

 as in Mrs. B. By the side of the rudimentary fourth leg there is a rudi- 

 mentary mamma, an anomaly often associated with redundant lower limbs 

 (cf. Louise L. and Bechlinger's case, given below). It is noteworthy that in 

 both Mrs. B. and Blance Dumas, one of the outer legs, the left in both cases, 

 exhibits talipes. 



i. In most respects a normal single individual, but with a duplication of 

 some or all of the median pelvic organs, often accompanied with a median 

 leg rudiment composed of tioo united halves ielonging to the tico components. 



Type: Jean Baptista dos Santos. A Portuguese (gypsy?), born at Paro 

 about 1845, the subject of numerous papers (cf. London Lancet, August, 1865; 

 also American reprint, January, 1866; Fisher, 66, etc.). The man was wholly 

 normal save in the pelvic region, which showed an exact duplication of the 

 external genitals, and a median third leg, depending from an extra median 

 pelvic bone of unknown nature. The penes were normal and nearly equal 

 in size, with a half scrotum on the outer side of each and a median scrotum 

 evidently composed of the fused inner halves. The outer sacs held each a 

 normal testis, and the median one originally contained two which ascended 



