Harris Hawthorne Wilder 409 



into the abdomen at the age of ten. The median ler; was double and appar- 

 ently symmetrical at first, but it was dislocated in two places by the Portu- 

 guese chemist who officiated at his birth, that it might afterwards be doubled 

 up and thus put out of the way. During later life he strapped it to his normal 

 right leg and to his right side. This treatment well explains the slight 

 lack of bilateral symmetry in the adult member. The foot bore ten toes, the 

 two great toes in the center; the two outer toes of each component were 

 webbed. In photographs of dos Santos as an infant the median member is 

 quite symmetrical in spite of its injuries. 



Other cases: 



Bechlinger's case. 



A female counterpart of dos Santos was reported from Para, Brazil, 

 in 1888, by Bechlinger; the genitals were duplicated but otherwise normal 

 and she possessed " a third leg attached to a continuation of the processus 

 coccygeus of the sacrum, and in addition to two well-developed mammae 

 regularly situated, there were two rudimentary ones close together above the 

 pubes." 



Aside from the above there have been reported several cases of diphallic 

 terata, all of which so far as known (20 cases) have been enumerated by 

 Ballantyne and Skirving, 94-95. Of these one or two are doubtful, and 

 some of the others do not come under the present head. Those that do belong 

 here show " all the degrees of duplication . . . from a fissure of the glans 

 penis to the presence of two distinct penes inserted at some distance from 

 each other in the inguinal region." With these cases there is commonly as- 

 sociated the doubling of other topographically related parts; among these 

 may be mentioned " more or less completely septate bladder, .... double 

 anus, double urethra, increased breadth of the bony pelvis with defect of the 

 symphysis pubis, and possibly duplication of the lower end of the spine." 

 It must be noticed that in all of the cases here considered there is an actual 

 doubling of certain of the median parts, although there may be at the same 

 time a defect in the median line. This would sharply distinguish all such 

 cases from those of episadias, hypospadias, etc., which are simply cases of 

 arrested development, " Hemmungsmissbildungen," and are caused by the 

 failure of two lateral anlagen to close in the median line. Compare the dis- 

 tinction between the cases of double tongue, double uvula, etc., mentioned 

 above, and such defects as hare-lip and cleft palate. 



II. UNEQUAL AND ASYMMETRICAL MONSTERS, ONE COMPONENT OP 



WHICH IS SMALLER THAN AND DEPENDENT UPON THE OTHER. 



AUTOSITE AND PARASITE. 



These monsters consist of two components of very unequal development, 

 the one (autosite) being normal or nearly so, and the other (parasite) quite 

 incomplete and attached to the first as a dependent growth, usually adhering 

 to some point upon the ventral side. 



To my knowledge this form of monster has never been studied for the 

 purpose of testing whether or not the two components were ever originally 

 physical duplicates, and the relation between them is such, that is, the sub- 

 ordination of one to the other, that, even in cases in which the parasite is 



