TirE EXPKESSIONS OF EMOTION IN THE PIGEONS. 

 I. THE BLOND RIXG-DOVE (THrtur risorius). 



BY 



WALLACE CRAIG. 



Fvom the DcpartDiciit of Zoology of the University of Chicago. 



With One Platk. 

 CONTENTS. 



PAGE 



lutrodiiftioii — I'urposes of this sludy — Aekiiowledgeineiits .30 



Description of sounds made by the blond ring-dove, and act-ompanylng 



movements ;^1 



Prefatory remarlvs yi 



1. Silence 33 



2. Fear 34 



3. Alarm SH 



4. Cry intermediate between the alarm and the kali 37 



5. The kah 38 



( I ) The ordinary-kah 3!) 



( II ) The kah-of-excltement 4U 



(III ) The copulation note 42 



G. The charge 42 



7. Parent's call when ready to feed the young 43 



8. Cry intermediate between the kah and the cot) 44 



9. The coo 44 



( I ) The perch-coo, or the song 47 



(II ) The bowing-coo 48 



(III) The nest-call 51 



Life-history of the blond ring-dove ,53 



A.' Beginning of the life cycle 54 



Development of the young 54 



First appearance of the cries of the adult : the alarm-note and 



the kah 5!) 



The change of voice (JU 



First appearance of the coo G2 



Influence of old birds 64 



The charge 65 



Summary of development 66 



B.' Beginning of the annual cycle 66 



Wooing and mating 67 



C Beginning of the brood cycle 69 



Copulation, nest-building, and egg-laying 69 



D. The daily cycle 70 



Changing places on the nest 72 



C." The brood cycle, continued 74 



Incubation, brooding, and preparation for a new brood 75 



The; Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology. — Vol. XIX, No. 1. 



