42 'Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology. 



NO.I2 



a 



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v ^ ^[>pia>p p ^p^^^ 



Time : 3 crotchets per second. 



(Ill) The copulation-note. — In all species of pigeons which I 

 have studied, the act of copulation is immediately followed, on the 

 part of both male and female, by the assumption of a singular atti- 

 tude and the emission of a copulation-note. In some pigeons this 

 note is perfectly distinct from any other utterance of the species. 

 In the blond ring-dove the copulation-note very much resembles the 

 kah uttered on other occasions. Comparing it with the ordinary- 

 kah and the kah-of-excitement, I should say that it more closely 

 resembles the former. i 



NO. to. 



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Time: ZV-j, crotcliets per second. 



G. The Charge. 

 It has already been stated that the kah-of-excitement, whether 

 uttered to an enemy or to the female, is often accompanied by the 

 charge. In charging (Plate I, Fig. 2), the male raises his body high 

 above the ground, by extending the legs and standing on tip-toe. 

 The body, thus elevated, is directed horizontally, with the head point- 

 ing straight before, and the tail straight behind, as if to cleave the 

 air with thea least resistance. The feathers of the rump and the lower 

 back are raised and held stiffly erect, and the feathers of the wing 

 (both quills and coverts) are slightly spread out. The feathers on 

 the fore part of the body, in contrast, especially those on the head, 

 are smoothly appressed. The reason for this contrast, I think we 

 can explains as follows. The bristling feathers on the back and wings 

 have the same effect as in the case of the expression of fear; they 

 make the apparent size greater and the aspect more terrible. On 

 the other hand, the smooth outline of the head and neck gives a 

 more pointed appearance to the oncoming charges; gives more free 

 play to the neck and head in pecking or in avoiding the pecks of the 



