Craig, Expressions of Effiotioti in Pigeons. 



53 



seems to be connected natnrallj with the fact that the coo is given 

 always singly. Further, the notes of the nest-call show greater and 

 more precise changes of pitch than do the notes of other types of 

 coo ; they rise and fall between tones which are distinctly marked 

 and sustained ; they do not, typically, fade into those vanishing tones 

 which make the other types of coo somewhat less musical than this. 



No. 2 



N0.23 



-i-zs- 



_ _ _ ZTzr . _ _ 



cook cooKK roo goo avE cook coor roo qo 6 Sve 



A break (yodel) between the last two notes. Sometimes tbe musical intervals 



exact, even tbe "go o." 



NO. 24 



JJ 



s 



:& 



^ P l Y lk^:^^^r¥^f- r7 



cook COOKK YOO 



cook coorr roo 



Time: about 2 seconds for tbe 3 syllables. Tbere is a "go o" at tbe end, but 



it is almost inaudible. 



The guttural go a is usually omitted in the nest-call. 



LIFE-HISTORY. 



The life-history of the ring-dove falls in cycles of four orders, 

 one cyc'e within another. These are: (A) the life cycle; (B) the 

 annual cycle; (C) the brood cycle; (D) the daily cycle. 



(A) The most comprehensive of the sycles, since it comprehends 

 all the others, is the life cycle ; which consists of a period of imma- 

 turity, beginning with the ego: and extending through several months 

 of growth and development, and a period of maturity extending 

 through several years. (B) The period of maturity is divided into 

 armual cycles, each consisting of a winter period during which the 

 birds show little or no reproductive activity ; and a summer period, 

 or breeding season, during which the birds are continuously active 

 in the processes connected with reproduction. (C) The breeding 



