Jennings, Uexki'dl on Physiology of Behavior. 315 



"Furtluu'iiiorc all ol('c'tro-})hysi()]()iiic;il ('xpcrimciits 011 muscles 

 have shown ihcnisclvcs to bo bioloiiiciiUy woi'tlilcss, so that we may 

 here pass them o\('r in silence"' {'1\K \>. i^lS). 



''The fate of hioloiiv in Euro})e, in s])it(' of the eifoi'ts of excellent 

 workers, seems to me to he sealed. """ * ''"' One need not he a 

 jirophet to ])i'edi('t that in a few years hioloiiy will he an American 

 science'' (21), preface). 



''The question of the function of tho ucrNous system in the aninud 

 body has aroused a strife between two sciences that must end with 

 the annihilation of one of the two tMuubatants, — and the champions 

 of both sides are determined to carry the cond)at to the end. "" "' * 

 While the comparative psychologists debated concerninsi' the amount 

 of sensation, memory, reiiection, that one should attribute to these 

 animals, there arose in the growing science of comparative physiology 

 an enemy to the death of all comparative psychology" (24, pp. 212, 

 213). 



''Before objective investigation the sensations, the memory, and 

 thoughts of animals disappeared like Huttering forms of vapor. 

 The iron chain of objective changes, which began with the stimula- 

 tion of the sense organ and finished with the movement of the muscle, 

 was welded together in the middle. Xowhere remained a smallest 

 spot for the psyche of the aninuil. Dasing itself on these incontesta- 

 ble facts, comparative ])hysiologv pronounced the ])sychological con- 

 clusions mere sujicrstitions and denied coui])aral i\e psyehology the 

 right to call itself a science" (24, ]). 21.')). 



"We stand on the eve of a scientific bankiMiptcy, whose conse- 

 quences are as yet incalculable. Darwinism is I0 be stricken from 

 the list of scienfitie theories" (.'].'], p. 3). 



''Concerning the oi-igin of species we know, after fifty years of 

 unparalleled effoi-t aii<l inxcstigation, only the one thing, that it does 

 not take place as Dai'win ll'o:ight it did. A josilive enricdnnenf of 

 our knowledge has not resulted. The wh<ile enormous intellectual 

 labor Avas in vain" (.')1, ]). KiS). 



"When in biology one has freed himself from the idea of develop- 

 ment, — an idea which has at last been hunted to liiial death, — so 

 that one is again in position to look u])on eacdi aninud as a unity 



