436 'Journal of Cotnparative Neurology and Psychology. 



TABLE 36. 



The Kesults of the Seven Experiments. 



I. 



Number of animals used in imitation tests *20 



Cases of successful imitation 16 



Cases of partially successful imitation 5 



Cases of failure to imitate 5 



II. 

 Cases of imitation when the imitator was confined during the activity of 



the Imitatee 8 



Cases of imitation when the two animals were together in the cage 13 



III. 



Cases of immediate imitation 5 



Cases of gradual imitation 16 



IV. 



Cases of imitation in which the imitating animal did not himself experi- 

 ence the result of the act before performing It 11 



Cases of imitation in which the imitating animal did experience the result 

 of the act before performing it 16 



Y. 



Cases of imitation where the result of the act was obtained at the place 

 where the act was performed 16 



Cases of imitation in which the act was performed at one place and the . 

 result was obtained at another place 5 



*CouDting each animal once for each experiment in which it was used. 



2. Features of Lnitative Behavior. 

 (a) Relation Between Animals. — It is significant to note that 

 imitation did not always occur between animals thorouglilv accus- 

 tomed to each other. It might be supposed that congeniality be- 

 tween animals was a good condition for imitation, but that this is 

 not necessarily so the results of my experiments seem to indicate. 

 As I shall show later, familiarity tends to lessen attention, to make 

 each animal follow its own tendencies. Strangeness and a certain 

 amount of pugnacity seem effective in arousing attention, which 

 is the first condition for imitation. In the String Experiment ISTo. 

 5 was a total stranaei* to No. 13 and the latter was highly attentive 



