55^ 'Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology. 



rel's field of vision, the animal would stop a moment and look up, or 

 try to get out, at the place nearest the observer. Timidity also often 

 produced hesitancies and slowed the time without actually resulting 

 in error. The actual care of the squirrel in the maze turns out to 

 be distinctly more difficult than is the case with the white rat. The 

 former is much more easily disturbed emotionally than the latter. 

 Curiosity and the desire for social contact with the experimenter also 

 often cause interruptions in the squirrel's run through the maze. 



(d) Effects of Darkening the Maze and of Rotating the Maze. — 

 Table IV and Fig. 4, appended below, show the effects of darkening 

 the maze and of rotating the maze 180°, 270°, and 360° on two squir- 

 rels trained to run the maze in the light. 



The irregularity in the record apparently produced by the absence 

 of the light appeared only when the light was turned out after the 

 animals had obtained their "cue." That it is caused by distinctly 

 emotional changes and not by a loss of "cues" due to the darkness, 

 follows from the fact that when all lights in the room were turned 

 out before the squirrel was started, there was neither hesitancy nor 

 error. Even in the cases where the lights were turned out after the 

 animal had started, a simple hesitancy was the only error present — 

 the rest of the trip being made as automatically as in the light. 



When the maze was rotated 180° and 270° respectively, the be- 

 havior of the animal was decidedly different. Errors were a fre- 

 quent occurrence. The animals often ran back to the starting place, 

 hesitating and disturbed on both the forward and the backward runs. 

 The rotation to 270° seemed provocative of the greatest confusion. 

 The last error after the change was made appeared at the tenth trial. 

 The rotation to 360°, after practise at the two positions just men- 

 tioned, produced no errors. There was slight confusion, however, 

 and the time was slower than the fastest perfect time of the earlier 

 tests. This series of trials does not appear in the curve. 



These records have not added much in any exact way to our 

 knowledge of the sensory "cues" used by the squirrel in learning and 

 later in automatically running the maze. Those who observed the 

 animals at any time were convinced that the sensory factors operative 

 in the learning process and in the perfected maze habit were other 



