MAN IN A SAVAGE STATE. 297 



kindness^, and a sort of culture from his master, the 

 reciprocation of good offices, as well as the similarity 

 of pursuits, in which the dog and horse, for instance, 

 are associated with the shepherd and the hunter, 

 seems to enlighten the former with a ray of human 

 reason, and warm them with a degree of human af- 

 fections. It is in that intermediate state, when the 

 animal has lost the wild freedom of the forest, — 

 when it is become the slave of man, without acquir- 

 ing the privilege of being his friend and companion, — 

 that instinct languishes, without being replaced or 

 improved by that borrowed beam from human intel- 

 ligence, to which I have so often alluded. Man, bom 

 lord of the inferior creatures, with powers to conquer 

 the strong and circumvent the subtle, is himself an 

 example of this interregnum : that languid, enfeebled 

 state of the faculties, when neither stimulated by 

 necessity, as in a state of unrestrained freedom and 

 independence, nor cultivated by superior intelligence, 

 when relieved from the pressure of the former condi- 

 tion. The savage, when advanced to a kind of 

 social state, — when, like the beaver or the bee, he 

 forms part of a community, — builds a habitation, and 

 provides for future wants. In this period of ad- 

 vancement, the savage, whose life of perpetual exi- 

 gencies keeps all his inferior faculties in continual 

 exercise ; who knows no restraint, hopes for nothing 



