THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 83 



Mr. Black wall to be a female of Pholciis phalangioides (see 

 ' Spiders of Great Britain and Ireland,' part 2, p. 208), a 

 species which frequents the interior of old buildings in the 

 South of England : having been preserved in the dry state, 

 the abdomen had shrunk greatly, and this circumstance had 

 affected the colour. Mr. Blackwall added that in the spring 

 of 1867 he received from India a species of Pholcus, described 

 as P. Lyoni, one specimen of which " presented the extra- 

 ordinary physiological fact of the union of the two sexes in 

 the same individual." In this gynandromorphous spider, 

 the left side exhibited male and the right side female 

 characters. 



February 17, 1868, — H. VV. Bates, Esq., President, in the 

 chair. 



Messrs. Linnaeus Gumming and E. P. R. Curzon, both of 

 Trinity College, Cambridge, were elected Members. 



Mr. M'Lachlan exhibited a living specimen of Lucanus 

 Cervus, found under ground in an earthen or clayey cocoon : 

 Mr. Backhouse, of Teddington, digging in his garden, had 

 turned up half a dozen of these cocoons, each containing a 

 beetle and the remains of the skin of the larva and pupa. It 

 thus appeared that the beetle had not gone under ground to 

 hybernate, but the larva had descended into the earth and 

 had there undergone the changes to pupa and imago. 



Mr. A. E. Eaton remembered one or two such cocoons 

 being dug np in the autumn, about October, in a potato-field, 

 and these contained living stag-beetles. 



Mr. Janson also had dug stag-beetles out of earth, not 

 wood; and thought that the specimens appearing in the 

 spring were in fact hatched in the autumn, and remained in 

 their cocoons throughout the winter. 



M r. Stainton compared the case with that of Cossus ligniperda, 

 the larva and pupa of which were specially adapted for their 

 ordinary habitat in wood, but the larva sometimes, he believed 

 in a stale of nature, and certainly in confinement, went under 

 ground to change, and formed for itself an earthen cocoon. 

 There was no evidence that the larvae of the goat-moth, 

 which were not unfrequently found crawling about on the 

 surface of the ground, ever re-entered a tree, and he expected 

 that these underwent their transformation in the earth. 



