THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 89 



first year, I believe tbtit such estates might have been saved 

 to a great extent. As it is, on some estates, as many as 

 seventeen perfect beetles have been discovered in one tree, in 



addition to others in the pnpa state My impression is 



that the white borer has been in many plantations for several 

 years, and that he goes on, maturing or exi>iring, according 

 to the weather. These dry seasons have enabled him to make 

 a great stride in his work of destruction, and the trees have 



become loaded with larvae I advise the burning of all 



aflected trees ; and as it lias, 1 believe, been almost universally 

 admitted in Coorg and Mysore that shade is beneficial, 

 I should plant shade in the vacancies instead of 3'onng coffee, 



which rarely succeeds with old plants The handling of 



trees for the removal of any eggs might be useful Fish- 

 oil and soot are spoken of, to stop the trees with, and chloride- 

 of-lime water, or arsenic solution, or cyanide of potassium, to 

 be syringed into them. Of all preventive and remedial mea- 

 sures as yet proposed, I consider the most valuable to be the 

 plan of whitewashing the trees, when good lime can be pro- 

 cured. Fires should invariably be lighted at this season, 

 because it appears that the borer beetle escapes at night, and 

 during this month (September). At the same time it is probable 

 the beetle may escape during the daytime also. It has the 

 power of boring its way out of the tree after it has changed 

 from the pupa to the perfect beetle, notwithstanding that it 

 may have to open a considerable aperture for the egress of 

 its body. It is, in fact, furnished with a boring apparatus as 

 effective in its purposes, though not of the same description, 

 as that of tlie larva. This was exemplified in an experiment 

 made by Captain Mitchell, of the Madras Museum, and 

 myself A portion of a coffee tree which we split up (brought 

 from Coorg about ten days before) disclosed a beetle in 

 a cleft of the tree, which proved afterwards to be a female. 

 She appeared to have no inclination to escape, though she 

 could easily have done so. She was comfortable and appa- 

 rently torpid in her hole. We tied up the piece of the tree 

 tightly, and Captain Mitchell placed it in a glass bottle with 

 a stopper. In the morning he examined it, and found the 

 beetle outside the wood, lively, and running up and down in 

 a wonderfully active manner, feeling about with her antennaj 

 as busily as possible. On examination of the piece of the 



