THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 347 



keepers bigli wages to destroy tbeir friends. It is the old 

 story of poor Gelert : the benefactor is slain under the 

 mistaken idea that he is an enemy. Country gentlemen ! 

 why will you not teach your keepers the simple truth ? — • 

 indeed, why will you not learn it yourselves ? Nature is a 

 system equally balanced in all its parts : you should study 

 Nature and endeavour to understand her. Once upset that 

 nicely adjusted system, and all goes wrong. It is solely to 

 you and your mistaken policy, that the farmer, especially in 

 Scotland, is indebted for those hosts of wood pigeons that 

 are now devouring his substance. The birds of prey you 

 have destroyed so ruthlessly were sent to hold these depre- 

 dators in check. To you the forests are indebted for those 

 swarms of wood-boring caterpillars which are now every- 

 where consuming the heart of oak. The woodpeckers your 

 keepers have slaughtered were sent to arrest the destructive 

 career of the carpenter caterpillars. 



P.S. — The use of the illustrations has been kindly per- 

 mitted by the proprietor of the 'Field,' in which excellent 

 paper they have already appeared in connexion with this 

 vital question of wood-boring caterpillars. 



Edavard Newman. 

 York Grove, Peckham, 

 September, 1869. 



Descriptloitf! of two new Butlerjliea from QneeiislancL 

 By A. G. BuTLEH, Esq., F.L.S., &c. 



Genus Mycalesis (Satyrinac). 

 1. Mycalesis Zia, n. sp. 

 Upper surface brown, with a series of dark ochreous spots 

 along the outer margin, four in the front and six in the hind 

 wings, the latter traversed by a brown nearly marginal line : 

 body brown. Under surface brown, with a very narrow and 

 nearly straight pale central line margined within by a darker 

 brown line ; two pale submarginal waved lines varied witii 

 ochraceous : anterior wings with four ocelli, posterior wings 

 with seven, all black excej)ting the two intermediate ones of 



