178 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



P. B. ]\[asoii, C. F. Thornewill, G. A. Smallwood, T. Gibbs, 

 J. E. Nowers, G. H. Wlntlock, and W. M. Anderson. Mr. E. Freer, 

 of Caius College, Cambridge, lias also furnished some valuable 

 notes on the Cannock Chase district ; and one or two contri- 

 butions have been received from Mr. Blatch, of Birmingham. 



Not much has been done at sugar, and a large proportion of 

 the species have been bred from larvai. Mr. Smallwood is the 

 only member who has practised pupa- digging to any appreciable 

 extent. 



The following remarks upon the geological features of the 

 locality have been prepared by Mr. Frank E. Lott, A.R.S.M. 



The district included in this paper, having an area of 1000 

 square miles, it is impossible to give an extended geological 

 notice. We may, however, mention some of the broad features of 

 the district ; and this, with a list of tlie principal localities, 

 geologically classified, may perhaps be of some service, as 

 indicating the influence of Geology on comparative Entomology. 



In the first place there is a valley area of over 300 square 

 miles, watered by the Trent and its tributaries — the Derwent, 

 Dove, Tame, and Soar. 



Secondly, with Burton as a centre, there are the following 

 elevated areas: — Needwood Forest, on the north-west, about 

 thirty square miles of well-wooded land, from 300 feet to 500 

 feet above sea-level. Cannock Chase, a heather-covered upland, 

 about twenty square miles, from 350 feet to COO feet, lies still 

 more to the west. Charnwood Forest, in the east, is a rocky 

 district, of some twenty square miles, irregular in outline and 

 elevation, rising in parts, such as Bardon Hill and Breedon, to as 

 much as 800 feet. The Weaver Hills, 800 feet, and Thorp Cloud, 

 in the north, are really portions of the great limestone plateau of 

 Derbyshire. 



The prevailing geological formation is New Red, both Bunter 

 and Keuper being represented, the former chiefly as Middle 

 Bunter, — the mottled sandstone occurring but sparingly, — the 

 latter largely, as Upper Keuper marls and Lower Keuper 

 sandstone. 



The great anticlinal of the Pennine Range extends across the 

 Trent Valley, causing the inliers of limestone (partially dolomitized) 

 at Ticknall and Breedon, and ending with the mass of Archaean 

 rocks, forming Charnwood Forest. 



