96 Annals Entomological Society of America  [Vol. XIV, 
related to the Ascalaphide and Myrmeleonide. The head of a larval 
Ascalaphid (Fig. 47) is extremely similar to that of a larval Myrmeleonid 
(Fig. 44) and the head of an adult Myrmeleonid such as that shown in 
Fig. 70 is very like that cf Nymphes (Fig. 72) even to the presence 
of the sense organ, ‘‘pm,”’ in the labial palpi of both insects, so that the 
Nymphide very probably represent the types ancestral to the 
Myrmeleonide, etc. 
The head and mouthparts of Psychopsis (Fig. 46) are somewhat 
intermediate between the Myrmeleonid type (Fig. 44) and the 
Hemerobiid type, which is extremely like that of the Chrysopide 
(Fig. 51) and Psychopsis may, therefore, be regarded as a connecting 
link between the two groups. The head of an adult Psychopsis (Fig. 71) 
is very like that of the Myrmeleonid shown in Fig. 70, and so far as the 
evidence of the head alone is concerned, Psychopsis is quite close to the 
Myrmeleonids in many respects. Whether Psychopsis leads back 
through the Hemerobiid and Chrysopid type to the Ithoniid type of 
Neuropteron, I cannot say, since the head alone offers insufficient 
evidence upon which to base one’s conclusions in this matter. 
The head of Nothochrysa (Fig. 66) is extremely like that of A pochrysa 
(Fig. 67), while that of Euporismus (Fig. 68) has many features sug- 
gestive of affinities with Stenosmylus (Fig. 63). Miodactylus (Fig. 69) 
resembles Stenosmylus (Fig. 63) on the one hand and Nymphes (Fig. 72) 
or the Myrmeleonids, on the other. Porismus (Fig. 65) is quite like 
Euporismus (Fig. 68) in many respects, but also shows some points of 
resemblance to Psectra (Fig. 62). Psectra (Fig. 62) is very like Sisyra 
(Fig. 59) and Climacea (Fig. 60) also, and Climacea in turn bears a 
resemblance to Conwenzia (Fig. 61). Osmylus (Fig. 58) is obviously 
related to the other Osmylide, Hemerobiide, and Chrysopide, but it 
also bears a resemblance to Climacea and Conwenzia. Sisyra, Climacea, 
Conwenzia and similar fcrms were probably derived from ancestors 
resembling the Ithoniide (Figs. 52 and 53), a family which should include 
the genera Oliarces and Rhapisma, as well as Ithone, although Oliarces 
has never been included in the family (excepting by Crampton, 1920) 
despite the fact that its head is exactly like that of Ithone (compare 
Figs. 52* and 53) as is also true of the thoracic sclerites, etc. 
Mantispa (Fig. 57) is a very peculiar fcrm, and its affinities cannot 
be determined from the adult head alone. Its head resembles that of 
Chrysopa, in some respects, and its closest affinities may be with these 
insects. On the other hand, the head of Mantispa exhibits some 
similarities to the head of Nemoptera, although these resemblances are 
probably more superficial. The resemblance to the head of Conwenzia 
is more marked, and it is possible that Mantispa may be related to both 
Chrysopa and Conwenzta. 
* Dr. Tillyard has very kindly given me some specimens of Ithone preserved in 
alcohol, and an examination of this material (made after this paper had been 
prepared) would indicate that the labial region in Figs. 52 and 53 was so distorted 
as to be quite ‘‘unnatural’’ in the dried specimens from which the drawings were 
made. 
