6 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. IX, 



in considering the apparent lack of any extensive development 

 in applied entomology in the older European countries. 



In 1912 the Horticultural Branch of the Board of Agri- 

 culture and Fisheries was established under the direction of 

 Mr. A. G. L. Rogers. This branch has the administration of the 

 Destructive Insects and Pests Act to carry out which legislation 

 five trained inspectors are employed. Their work, however, 

 is at present largely concerned with plant diseases. An ad- 

 vance was made in 1913 when Mr. J. C. Fryer was appointed 

 Entomologist to the Board. His work is primarily of an 

 advisory character, advisory to the Board in regard to legisla- 

 tion and to the public by means of letters or leaflets. He also 

 studies epidemic pests and insects of unusual importance. For 

 example, Mr. Fryer has begun a study of the species of Hypo- 

 nomeuta the Ermine Moths, whose introduction into the State 

 of New York afforded Mr. P. J. Parrott an opportunity of 

 studying them in a new environment. The Narcissus Flies, 

 Merodon equestris and Eumerus strigatus have also been studied. 

 Mr. Fryer informs me that he is now studying Hylemyia coarc- 

 tata a serious wheat pest in low-lying marshy districts. Capsid 

 bugs, which cause similar injuries to fruit to those with which 

 we are famiHar in the northeastern region of North America, 

 are also receiving attention. 



Entomological investigations are also conducted at certain 

 of the universities by means of grants from a Government 

 Development Commission Fund. It would appear to be the 

 intention to foster the investigation of insect pests in recog- 

 nised university departments rather than in a department of 

 the government, a plan which has advantages and disadvant- 

 ages which I will not discuss here. As a result there is a Depart- 

 ment of Agricultural Entomology at the University of Man- 

 chester under Dr. A. D. Imms, and forest insects are studied 

 at the University of Oxford. Prof. Maxwell Lefroy of the 

 Imperial College of Science and Technology, London, has also 

 been conducting investigations in applied entomology. 



Scotland. A few years ago a separate Board of Agricul- 

 ture for Scotland was estabHshed and Dr. R. Stewart 

 McDougall of the University of Edinburgh acts as Entomolo- 

 gist to the Board. Dr. McDougall's work is largely concerned 

 with forest insects but his Work on the Sheep Maggot Flies, 

 Lucilia spp., is well known. 



