186 Annah Entomological Society of America [Vol. IX, 



14. Pupae are disseminated by indirect methods. Winds 

 and waves, assisted by the work of certain insects, may scatter 

 pupal cases widely. 



15. The adult moth is largely nocturnal in habit. It suffers 

 little, if any, from contact with the water, and in extended flights 

 over water may drop to the surface for short rests. 



II. Nymphula icciusalis Wlk. 



16. Eggs are deposited on Potamogeton natans. In the 

 aquaria, females, in the absence of Potamogeton, deposited eggs, 

 after some delay, on Nymphcea americana. 



17. Oviposition is independent of the activities of other 

 animals. 



18. Development of the egg requires ten or eleven days. 

 As in N.. maculalis, there is a definite and constant orientation of 

 the- egg, when deposited normally, since the head of the larva 

 always develops in the end nearest the edge of the leaf. 



19. The first instar is described for the first time. 



20. Case-making, similar to that of N. maculalis, is a 

 normal activity of this larva. The great majority of the cases 

 studied were made from leaves of Potamogeton natans but a few 

 were composed, in part, of fragments of leaves of Vallisneria 

 which possibly is another food plant. 



LITERATURE CITED. 



Forbes, W. T. M., 1910. The Aquatic Caterpillars of Lake Quinsigamond. Psyche, 



17:219-227. 6 fig. 

 Hart, C. A., 1895. On the Entomology of the Illinois River and Adjacent Waters. 



Bull. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., 4:149-273. 15 pi. 

 Klapalek, Fr., Grunberg, K., 1909. Ephemerida, Plecoptera, Lepidoptera. Die 



Susswasserfauna Deutschlands, Heft 8, 159 pp. 260 fig. Jena. 

 Miall, L. C, 1895. The Natural History of Aquatic Insects. 395 pp. 116 fig. 



London. 

 Miller, Ellen B., 1912. Butterfly and Moth Book. 249 pp. New York. 

 Packard, A. S., 18S4. Habits of an Aquatic Pyralid CaterpiUar. Am. Nat., 



18:824-826. 1 pi. 

 Welch, P. S., 1914. (a) Observations on the Life History and Habits of Hydromyza 



confluens Loew (Diptera). Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., 7:135-147. 

 1914 (b). Habits of the Larva of Bellura melanopyga Grote (Lepidoptera). 



Biol. Bull., 27:97-114. 1 pi. 

 1915. The Lepidoptera of the Douglas Lake Region, Northern Michigan. 



Ent. News, 26:115-119. 



November 1, 1915. 



