264 Annals Entomological Society of A^nerica [Vol. IX, 



There are many other larger problems that should emanate 

 from a study of sleep, such as the effect of regular or irregular 

 sleep on longevity, the correlation of food habits with the 

 sleeping habits of insects (vegetable feeders more frequently 

 regular sleepers, while carnivorous species are irregular) ; the 

 correlation of sleep and hibernation, the physiological differences 

 and similarities; the habits of rest of animals in the higher or 

 lower planes of evolution, or the correlation of sleep with the 

 degree of nervous development {e. g., the wasp must provide its 

 own food, build the nest and provision it — a hard life of high 

 mental exertion — while the Dermestes or the bed-bug has no 

 such tasks; hence is the same rest needed for both?) 



The sleep of animals in the immature stages, larval, pupal or 

 even egg stage, is something untouched upon, and observation 

 on the sleep of insects that can be kept in confinement, such as 

 roaches, dermestes, meal-worms, etc., offers to the investigator 

 the comfort of the laboratory for his investigation. 



In closing let us again say with Scudder: "Only a few of the 

 most patent of tricks and ways of butterflies [insects] have been 

 noted. * * * These are however still too few whereon to 

 base any general statement, * * * and I leave them in the 

 hope of enticing some one to enter a promising field and per- 

 chance relieve these facts of their present stupidity. " 



ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY. 



Adams, C. C. Bull. St. Lab. Nat. Hist. 11: 110, 119, 140, 193. 1915. Even Noctuid 

 caterpillars such as Peridroma saticea and its allies, which live on the ground 

 during the day, climb trees at night. Mentions sleeping habits as recorded 

 by Banks, Brues and Bradley: Scepsis, Chlorion atratum, Polistes variatus and 

 P. pallipes sleeping on goldenrod flowers. 



Annandale, N. Proc. Roy. Phys. Soc. Edinb. 29: 439-444. 1900. fid^ Longstaff. 

 He thinks the majority of Malayan Phasmidae are active in the intense heat 

 of midday, when most of their enemies of the jungle are at rest, but remain 

 well concealed in the early morning and late afternoon. 



Ashmead, W. H. (Discussion.) Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington 4: 26. 1896. Noticed 

 wasps in N. Carolina in early morning, but had never seen them asleep. 



Banks, N. Sleeping habit of a bee. Ent. News 19: 340. 1908. A little black bee, 

 Panurginus illinoiensis Robt., cf's only, have been found asleep; they rest 

 with wings folded close to the body, upon the yellow center of the daisy. 

 They first fell asleep about 6:30 P. M., and by 7:00 many were so soundly asleep 

 that one could frequently pick up a flower containing them and carry it some 

 distance without disturbing them. 



