1916] The Sleep of Insects 265 



Banks, N. vSleeping habits of certain Hymenoptera. Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. 10: 

 209-214. 1902. Notes on sleeping habits of Ammophila pictipennis Walsh! 

 A. vulgaris Cress., Epeolus remigatus, A. urnaria Klug, Melissodes bimaculata 

 bt. Farg., and Myzine sexcincta Fab. cf 's. 



In a field near by a few Bombus americanornm were found clinging to the imder 

 side of a wild carrot flower, back downward; they did not grasp with their 

 mandibles. Cerceris kennicotti was resting under a loose piece of rail. Halictus 

 hgnotus and Odyncnts conformis were on grass heads. In New Mexico six 

 Amegilla smithii Cress, were asleep, clinging by mandibles to grass stems. 



Barrand, . Resting Attitudes of Rhopalocera. Entomologist 1906: 160 



Barth, G. P. Bull. Wise. Nat. Hist. Soc. 6: 150. 1908. Anacrabro ocellatus Pack 



stdl working at 7:45 p. M. 

 Bate, p. M. A, Notes on the resting attitude of Zamacra fiabellaria. Entomol- 

 ogist 36: 106. 1903. Fig. Assumes a peculiar position when at rest, forewings 

 erect above the thorax and at the same time folded like a closed fan. The 

 under wings are also folded, but to a smaller extent and are only slightly 

 raised; the hinder end of the body is also raised. The antenna; lie close along 

 the sides of the body. Quotes Sir George Hampton, Fauna Brit. Ind.: Moths 

 of genus Gathynia repose in the form of a cross, with the forewings rolled up 

 at right angles to the body, the hind wings folded close to the body 

 Bolle, J., and M. Richter. Studien uber die Ursache der Schlafzucht der Seiden- 

 rapue. Zeits. Landw. Versuchs Oest. 1903: 287. Abstract, Zool. Zentralbl. 

 1903 : 911. 

 Brischke, G. A. Ent. Monatsber. 1: 11. Psammophila viatica associated in 

 numbers at the end of September: apparently all females. Fact verified by 

 reviewer in Zool. Rec. 13: 130. 



Benton, . (Discussion). Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington. 4: 26. 1896. The 



honey-bees when asleep hold to each other in a cluster; the upper ones grasp, 

 any projection with the mandibles while the lower ones grasp also with the 

 mandibles and forefeet the legs of those above. 

 Beutel-Reepen. Die Stammengeschichliche Entstehung des Bienenstaates. Ein- 

 famillenstaat. Leben and Wesen der Bienen, 45-66. The cf's of several 

 species of solitary bees spend the night congregated in large clusters, fide 

 Turner. 

 Biro Lajos. Szabadban alva mehek es darazok. Ravartani Lapok. 2: 169-172. 

 1885. Observations on about twenty species of Hymenoptera while asleep 

 upon Centaurea urenaria. fide Psyche. 

 Bradley, J. C. Gregarious sleeping habits among aculeate Hymenoptera. Ann 

 Ent. Soc. Amer. 1: 127-130. In California, June, 1907, a bunch of black wasps, 

 Priononyx atrata, were asleep on dried stems of wild oats, in groups of frorn 

 2 to 25; 490 were taken in one hour. A week later they were less abundant 

 (Naturally when 490 were taken). Also Prinonyx biveloleaiiim, Sphex {Ammo- 

 phila) two species,, Monedula emarginata, Steni'ola duplicata, Stizus unicinctus 

 and Sphecius fervidiis, Cr. Associated with them were bees. Bombus sp., 

 Hahctus farinosus and Melissodes agilis. He thinks thev had previously been 

 scattered over the large field, but had been driven together thus bv the recent 

 cutting of the field. 

 Brues, C. T. On the Sleeping Habits of Some Aculeate Hymenoptera. Journ. N. Y. 

 Ent. Soc. 11: 228-230. 1903. Priononyx atrata along shores of Lake Michigan at 

 Chicago; large number asleep on a large sweet clover. In McHenry Co., 

 Illinois, several species were commingled upon the same plants, viz.: Epeolus 

 lunatus a parastiic bee, Scolia bicincta, Nysson plagiatus, Tachytes sp. The 

 Texan Scolia lecontei chooses a species of Umbelliferaj as its sleeping-place 

 and rests, head downward, upon or below the umbels of the plant. The com- 

 mon Myzine sexcincta rests not only at night but in the middle of the day also. 

 In southern Illinois and also in Massachusetts the d^'s of this species occur 

 in abundance on the dry plant of the wild pink. 

 Champion, H. G. and R. J. Observations on the life historv of Methoca 

 ichieumonides, Latr. Ent. Mon. Mag. 50: 268. 1914. Spends night and dull 

 weather in an empty hole or any dark hollow. 

 Chapman, T. A. Butterflies at rest. Ent. Rec. 18:168-170. 1906. 



