2G6 Annah Entomological Society of America [Vol. IX, 



Cockerell, T. D. A. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1900: 413. Found Anthidium 

 per pic turn "resting on the stems of grass in dull weather." Fide Banks. 



Cresson, E. T. Hymenoptera of Cuba. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila. 1865: 88. Prof. 

 Poey informs liim that Melissa rufipes "retires to a bush to sleep, it seizes a 

 branch with its mandibles and places itself in a horizontal position, the back 

 turned toward the ground." Fide Banks. 



Cresson, E. T. Hvmenoptera Texana. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 4: 201. 1872. Cresson 

 states that Be'lfrage said that Scolia lecontei rests during the night and chilly 

 weather in clusters closely attached to the stems of grass and plants. Fide 

 Banks. 



Darwin, C. Power of Movement in Plants. Chap. VI and VII. 1896. 



Dubois, R. Etude sur la Mecanisme de la Thermogenese et du sommeil chez les 

 Mammiferes. Physiologic comparee de la Marmotte. Ann. Uniy. Lyon. pp. 

 268. 125 pis. 119 figs. 1896. Not seen. 



Eaton. A. E. Aculeate Hvmenoptera from Burgos, Old Castile, collected during 

 the total eclipse of the sun, August 30, 1905. Ent. Mag. 42: 96-98. 1906. 

 Bombus and hive bees ceased to be seen, and ants went to sleep on shoots of a 

 yellow-flowered Ononis. 



Fabre, J. H. The lumting wasps. Tr. by A. T. de Mattos. p. 67, 255. 1915. 

 Sphex flavipennis retires into her burrow at night, and also seeks shelter there 

 in bad weather or rests for a few moments during the day. The sandy 

 Ammophila and the silvery Ammophila do not spend their nights or leisure in 

 their holes, but leave the premises altogether after concealing the entrance 

 with a stone. 



Fabre, J. H. The hunting wasps. 1915. Records a single instance of finding on 

 Mont V^entoux, at a height of 6,000 feet, some hundreds of Ammophila hirsuta 

 imder the shelter of a stone. While Fabre has some diflliculty in inteq^reting 

 this phenomenon, I can only see in it an analogous condition to that recorded 

 for Ammophila pictipennis or Chalybion ccenileum — viz.: congregating for the 

 purpose of sleeping. 



Fabre, J. H. The mason-bees, p. 86, 1914. The mason-bee of the walls, Chalico- 

 doma muraria spends the days and nights in one of the cells of her dome, sus- 

 pended head downwards; the mason-bee of the sheds, C. siculla. does very nearly 

 the same as long as there are vacant galleries in her nest, but after these have 

 been used as cells she selects another retreat. The Chalicodoma; pass the 

 nights in the stone heaps in the harmas in numerous companies, piled up pro- 

 miscuously, both sexes together. The most common dormitory is a narrow- 

 crevice between two stones; here they all huddle, lying flat on their backs like 

 people asleep. Should bad weather come on, they do not stir. 



Fiebrig, K. vSehlafende Insekten. Jenaische Zeits. Naturw. 48: 315-364. 1912. 

 See appendix. 



Fletcher, T. B. Do butterflies migrate by mght? vSpol. Zeyl. 4: 178-179. 1907. 



Floersheims, . Tutt Ent. Rec. 18: 36-39. 1906. Description of the great extent 



to which beetles attack and kill sleeping butterflies. [Fide footnote Ent. Soc. 

 Lond. p. cxxi. 1906.) 



Fountaine, . Roosting habits of Heliconius charitonia. Entomologist 44: 403. 



1911. They assemble between five and six p. m. and sleep in clusters. One 

 group of a dozen or so noticed every morning always on the same twig of 

 Phenox hitnis; sound asleep at six A. M. 



Frohawk, F. W. The Sleeping Attitude of Lycaenidae. Entomologist 47: 212-213. 

 1914! It is generally supposed that the Lycsnida; sleep throughout the night 

 sitting head downward on flower heads and grass stems, in the characteristic 

 attitude they assume in tKe evening, but later when darkness supersedes the 

 twilight the butterflies (L. icariis) turn around and sleep head upward. The 

 author and Mr. W. Hollan^l marked and watched groups of these butterflies 

 and found "they were all head downward from 4 p. M. until darkness; in every 

 case they reversed their position to head upwards at dark," which position 

 they retained for the night. 



Garner,' R. L. (Abstract.) Science 42: 843. 1915. The African anthropoid apes 

 sleep on their backs like men, and make their beds eighteen or twenty feet 

 above the ground. 



