1916] The Sleep of Insects 267 



Gill, . (Discussion). Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington 4: 26. 1896. Fish when 



supposedly asleep are simply quiescent with their fins waving at intervals or 

 entirely still. African Dipnoan protopterous, when streams dry up, goes into 

 the mud, makes a cocoon of slime surrounded by mud, and in this condition 

 has been carried to Europe and revived by placing it in water and dissolving 

 the cocoon. 



Green, E. E. Sleeping Habits of a Bee. Ent. Mon. Mag. 1899: 214. Not seen. 



Hartman, C. Observations on the Habits of Some Solitary Wasps of Texas. Bull. 

 Univ. Tex. No. 65: 7. 1905. A day's work of Odyneriis dorsaUs consisted of 

 storing a cell, closing it and building another before evening to be first used 

 as a lodging place the following night and filled the next day. (Hartman, in 

 a letter, says he suspects this species has been erroneously identified for him.) 



Hine, J. S. Techn. Ser. U. S. Dep. Agr. Ent. No. 2, pi. ii, p. 24, 1906. The autumn 

 h.ovs,e-?i.\e?-,Tabanus sulcifrons Macc^uart, are most active in the strongest sun- 

 light. As evening approaches they become less active and seek a resting-place 

 among the foliage, on some tree-trunk, or on a fence where they remain quiet 

 until sunrise. They have a tendency to collect at evening in certain favorable 

 places in large numbers, d^'s and 9 's together. 



Hoffmann, F. Wie und wo nachtigen die Tagfalter? Mitt. Polyxena Wien. 6:1. 

 1911. (Not seen.) 



Ingersoll, E. Life of animals, p. 313. Quotes Perry, on the Wapiti deer: "If there 

 is a stream running through the valley, bordered by a sand bar, the entire 

 band makes this their sleeping place, and the band always assume the same 

 position in sleeping — the calves, cows and yearlings in the center, and the 

 bucks around the outer edge of the circle, so that in case of a night attack 

 by wolves or panthers the strongest will meet the first onset of the foe." 



Isely, D. The Biology of Some Kansas Eumenidae. Kans. Univ. Sci. Bull. 8: 243, 

 299. 1913. Quotes Hartman on 0. dorsalis in reference to its using each newly 

 constructed cell for a night's shelter. Scoliids and Ammophite and a solitary 

 Eumenes bolli would collect for the night on the tall prairie grass in Ness Co. 

 Eiimenes did not hold its body rigid as did Ammophila, but held itself at right 

 angles to the stem with its abdomen curled under it. 



Jensen-Haarup, A. C. Maerkvaerdig Sovestilling hos hannes af visse Bier. 

 Kobenhavn Flora og Fauna 1909: 65-67. A remarkable position during sleep 

 among the males of certain bees. (Not seen.) 



Kearton, R. The Fairy-Land of Living Things. Where birds sleep, pp. 58-61. 

 1908. A popular account. 



Kolbe, W. Uebcr das Eintreten des Sommerschlafes bei den Chrvsomeliden. 

 Zeits. Ent. Breslau 24: 26-57. 1899. Not seen. 



Longstaff, G. B. Some rest-attitudes of butterflies. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 42: 

 97-118. 1906. Lyccsna icartis asleep on the heads of grasses; 12 out of 15 had 

 head down. Most butterflies when asleep usually close their wings over their 

 backs, but some of the larger skippers such as Caprona probably sleep with 

 them spread out like geometers. The common skippers Pamphila sylvamis and 

 P. linea adopt the usual butterfly attitude, but Roland Trimen called atten- 

 tion to the fact that Nisoniades tages L. sleeps with the wrings inclined so as 

 to form a roof, like many Noctuae, (Barretts Lepid. Brit. Is. 1: 309.) G. rapce 

 when settled for the night makes no effort to resist capture. G. brassicce goes 

 to sleep on hawkweed, etc., at 7:15 p. m., and remains with wings hanging 

 down and closed over its back. 



Martineau, A. H. Entomologist 29: 268. 1896. Sapyga clovicornis vihensit rest, 

 "lays its big clubbed antennas between its legs along the under side of its body 

 and quite out of sight, the clubs being turned upwards at the end." 



McCook, H. C. Nature's Craftsmen, pp. 64-67. 1907. The toilet operations of ants 

 usually precede and follow sleep. Their sleepy ways may be illustrated by a 

 group" of 25 or 30 agricultural ants. They had been lured by a gas lamp upon 

 the table from underground galleries in a glass formicary. They grouped 

 themselves in little clusters next to the light, on top of corks, clods or pebbles 

 placed for them, for they like slight elevations. Most of them cuddled upon 

 the surface, some squatted upon their abdomens, some lay upon their sides, 

 some stood tiptoe on their hind legs, some crouched upon the earth, piled 



