268 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. IX, 



high one atop the other. There was constant agitation in the clusters, and 

 frequent changes of position. While the ants of one group were sleeping, others 

 would be at work, and these at times would vigorously jostle the sleepers. 

 New members occasionally joined a group and in their eagerness to get close 

 up to the heat, crowded their drowsy comrades aside. Ants at work in the 

 galleries would drop the pellets they carried, push into a group of sleepers and 

 presently be sound asleep themselves. The longest period during which 

 individuals were observed to sleep was three and a half hours. 



Minot, C. S. Notes on the Flight of New England Butterflies. Proc. Bost. Soc. 

 Nat. Hist. 14: 55-56. 1870. The postures of the butterflies by day are all 

 different from those assumed by night. A little before sundown Colias phil- 

 odice Godf. and Pieris rapa Shrank, begin to alight in the grass. "As it gets 

 later they become more and more inactive until finally they will allow them- 

 selves to be trodden upon, pinned and handled in any way. Before twilight is 

 ended they creep down, or descend in some manner, I do not know how, to the 

 very roots of the stalks or blades of grass." They always choose a perpen- 

 dicular stalk, the wings are raised over the back, the outer edges pressed 

 together, the antenna are kept nearly perpendicular to the axis of the body 

 and almost concealed by the front edges of the wings. 



Morley, M. Wasps and Their Waj's. p. 120. 1901. Hornets have been known to 

 work by moonlight. Captive wasps are unable to sleep with a light near by. 



Noyes, A. A. Biology of the nest-spinning Trichoptera. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 7: 

 269. 1914. Many Trichoptera Larvae build their dwellings chiefly during the 

 night, but Hydropsyche build their tubes and nets at all times of the day or 

 night. 



Oudemans, J. T. Etude sur la position de repos chez les Lepidopteres. Verhandel. 

 Kon. Akad. 10: No. 1. 1904. Fide Longstaff. "Lepidoptera have a sleeping 

 dress; this dress forms a harmonious whole. The different parts which contrib- 

 ute to form the whole dress harmonize in their colors and usually in their 

 patterns. The parts of the insect which are concealed during rest are quite 

 frequently strongly contrasted in color or pattern to the exposed parts." 



Peckham, G. W. and E. G. Peckham. Instincts and Habits of Solitarv Wasps. 

 Bull. Wis. Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv Ser. 1. 2: 94. 1898. At 4:15 Astata bicolor 

 thought she had worked long enough, went into her hole, closed the door 

 behind her and remained there until 7:30 the next morning. She began the 

 work of excavation in the morning, carried it on without haste or pause until 

 2 or 3 in the afternoon and retired at about 4 o'clock; the next morning she 

 completed the nest in about an hour. They also saw this species make a 

 .shallow temporary hole for the night. When the weather was cold or cloudy 

 Philanthus punclahis Say remained closely housed within the nest. Two cf P- 

 punctatiis excavated- a temporary hole for shelter for the night, covered it 

 with loose soil, remained in it from about 4 o'clock until 10 the next morning, 

 peeping out only once at 8:30 to look around but again retreating and closing 

 the door, cf 's do not construct a new lodging every night but return to the 

 same spot to sleep. Other wasps creep into crevices; often found in holes in 

 posts. "But we are glad to put it to the credit of one cf that he had sufficient 

 foresight and industry to provide a sleeping-place, and sufficient intelligence 

 to return to the spot when the declining sun warns him that evening is 

 approaching." Two Crabro stirpicola Pack, worked at nest-building without 

 cessation throughout the night, the second day and second night — a period of 

 forty-two consecutive hours with only one intermission of ten minutes. At 4 

 o'clock Pompilus scelestus Cres. began to investigate very carefully the plants 

 and grasses immediately surrounding her hole; she selected a bunch of clover 

 four inches away, and hanging to a leaf she remained motionless and fast 

 asleep until they left her at sundown. The next morning at 8 o'clock she was 

 still soundly asleep. After they had gently aroused her, she crept up the 

 stem, stretched herself sleepily and slowly made her toilet. 



Peckham, G. W. & E. G. Wasps, social and solitary. 1905. Female Crabro like 

 those of other genera seem to use the galleries of their nests as sleeping places, 

 but the cT's stop at any convenient inn. One was entertained in a hole in one 

 of the porch posts for several nights. Philanthus cf 's spend time and care in 



