1916] The Sleep of Insects 



269 



digging a hole in the ground to which thev return night after night. In A senia 

 the 9 keeps one cell ahead of her needs and tucks herself away in it very com- 

 fortably, but the Pelopcei, instead of making use of their tubes, congregate in 

 the evening about convenient crevices. Quote Banks on A mmophila and Brues 

 on Pnononyx They also observed a Pompilus to take the greatest care in 

 selecting a sheltered spot under some leaves where she afterwards hung herself 

 up and slept soundly until 8 o'clock the next day. 

 Pictet, A. L'mstinct et le sommeil Chez les insectes. Arch. Sci. Phys Nat iv 17- 

 44/-4ol. 1904. (Not seen.) • • . 



^°"o7?'<5; ^-A Predaceous insects and their prey. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 42: 

 ci74, 664. A female Asilus crabronijormis asleep on a head of Centaurea scabiosa 

 strongly suggested a crumpled leaf which had fallen upon the flower This 

 cryptic resemblance was brought about by a remarkable attitude the insect 

 being in the position formed by a half somersault arrested when the ventral 

 surface was uppermost. Volucella inanis readily takes flight in the sun, but in 

 the evening it becomes semi-torpid, and if disturbed then it raises its first leg 



TJ,„ V ^t""'''' I""^^^ mimetic of the warning attitude of its Bombus model. 



Kau. P. The sun-dance of the saw-fly. Ent. News 27: 274-277. 1916. Macrophya 

 sp. nov. at rest apparently settled for sleep, on top of box-elder leaves, before 

 6 P. M. on an April evening. 



^^"'fifh' tS^'(^f^m^^K^'''^''^}\ °^' ''l^ Mud-Daubing Wasps. Journ. Anim. 

 Beh. 6. 27-63. 1916. The mothers themselves (Trypoxylon albitarsis Fab 

 :>ceHp/iron ccementanum Drury and Chalybion caruleum Linne) do not use their 

 mud nests for their own shelter but go elsewhere for the night. Osmia cordata 

 when removed from its cell prematurely would creep back into its old cell 

 or be happy to get into any crevice. ■ 



Rau, P. & N. Rau. A sleepy Eumenid. Ent. News 24: 396. 1913 At ni^ht the 

 Ancistrocerus unifasciatus Saus. would creep into the old cell of the mud- 

 daubers nest from which they had emerged. In keeping Pelopoeus cmnen- 

 tanum of both sexes in cages with the nests from which they had hatched no 

 such behavior was ever observed. 



Read C Instinct, Especially m the Solitary Wasps. Brit. Journ. Psychol. 4. Pt 1 

 Mentions sleeping habits of wasps from Peckhams' account ' ' 



Roubaud E. The Natural History of the Solitary Wasps of the Genus Synagris 

 Smithson. Rept. 1910: 507-524. The nests of Synagris sicheliana are massfs of 

 yel ow earth; the most recent cell is always open and serves as a shelter for the 

 builder, which very often dies in it. 5. cornuta L. during rare moments of rest 

 and at night remains m her cell with her head turned outward, guarding her 



Sanborn F. G. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 12: 98. Ammophila gryphus clasping 

 small oak twig with mandibles and feet, body elevated one-fourth inch abovi 

 twig. Ftde Scudder and Mami. 



Saunders, . Hymenoptera Aculeata of the British Islands, p. 308. The cf of 



Chtlostoma (a bee) usually spends the night curled up in flowers, but Smith 

 says that at other times he has observed them hanging to blades of grass by 

 their mandibles. Fide Banks. ^ 



Schwarz E A. Sleeping Trees of Hymenoptera. Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington 4: 

 ,;• ??^- -^" southwestern Texas Mehssodes pygmceus Cress., and Coloptera 

 wrtglitn Cress, were abundant and asleep on Celtis pallida on the thinnest and 

 outerrnost twigs and on the stout thorns, sleeping singly, the tips of the 

 mandibles inserted m the wood and all six legs grasping the twig. Four 

 shrubs near together bore 50 to 70 sleeping bees, and several other shrubs had 

 small numbers They were on these shrubs every morning. The habit reminds 

 one of the well-known "butterfly-trees" of Monterey, California, and Appa- 

 lachicola, Florida, the sleeping habitats of Danais archipptis during their 

 winter migration to southern localities. (No reference to the "well faiown" 

 butterfly trees could be found.) 



Scudder, S. H., and B.P Mann. Attitudes in which some Wasps are supposed to 

 Sleep. Psyche 2: 40-41. 1877. Ammophila gryphus} rests at night by seizing 

 grass with jaws and holdmg itself extended with or without use of middle and 

 Hind feet. Odynerus? seized twig with jaws and supported body in horizontal 

 position* 



