1916] • The Sleep of Insects 271 



Watson, J. B. Journ. Anim. Beh. 2: 431. 1912. Quotes Werner (Biol. Centralbl. 31: 

 41-44.) on sleeping habits of fishes, Amiurus nebulosus, Misgurmis fossilis and 

 Cubitus talnia. The bodily attitudes taken in sleep are quite different for 

 different species, even in nearly related species. In general there is a com- 

 plete cessation of activity, a certain chosen bodily attitude and almost 

 complete stoppage of breathing. Very light contact is sufficient to awaken 

 the fish. 



Werner, F. Ueber die Schlafstellungen des Fische. Biol. Centralbl. 31: 41-44. 

 Reviewed by Watson. 



Westwood, J. O. Introduction to Modern Classification of Insects 2: 211. 1840. 

 Scolia interrupta and S. 4-pii>ictata cf 's, which are extremely sluggish, are 

 found crowded on the ears of grass near the seaside, in groups or socieites of 

 20 or 30 where they pass the night and make no attempt to escape. The cf's 

 of S. 6-cincta are found in similar localities. Quotes from Latreille that in 

 night or bad weather Fcenus jacubator fix themselves by their jaws to the 

 stalks of different plants and are then almost in a perpendicular position. 



Williams, F. X. Monograph of the Larridae of Kansas. Kans. Univ. Sci. Bull. 8: 

 187. 1913. Larridce d^'s make holes probably as a place of retirement during 

 unfavorable weather and at night. A black species of Tachysphex, probably 

 fuscus or terminatus was observed digging a hole in the sand and closing the 

 retreat from within. Plenoculus apicalis and Nileliopsis affinis have much 

 the same bahits as the above. 



Williams, F. X. Larridae of Kansas. Kan. Univ. Sci. Bull. 8: 210. 1913. The 

 males of the Larridae are "frequently seen on flowers or basking in the sun. 

 They were only observed to work when excavating short tunnels, in which 

 they probably passed the night." 



Williams, F. X. Notes on the Habits of Some Species of Wasps that Occur in 

 Kansas. Kans. Univ. Sci. Bull. 8: 227. 1913. Priononyx thomce cf' s in common 

 with many other species of Sphegidae congregate in some numbers on weeds 

 where they pass the night or remain during unfavorable weather. Such 

 "clumps" are common on Russian thistle in western Kansas. 



Wittfield, . The southern Eiiphoeddes palamedes sleeps with spread wings. 



Fide Scudder. 



APPENDIX 



From a physiological point of view the concluding remarks 

 by Fiebrig are suggestive, and we here append an English 

 translation of that part of his paper, pp. 347-354. 



Those characteristics, which are manifested in the true 

 sleep of vertebrates, are also present in the sleep of insects, 

 especially of the Hymenoptera. These characteristics are 

 principally : 



Relative immovability. 



Unconsciousness, 



The same or similar behavior under various external influ- 

 ences (light, approach, contact). 



Similar behavior when going to sleep and on awaking, 



Adjusting of the periods of sleep to the changing periods of 

 day and night, 

 in short, very often, manifestations which lead to the conclusion 

 that the habits of sleep are protective. But, while most of the 



