1915] Ecological Foundations of Applied Entomology 3 
the animal husbandman, and the bacteriologist, and the phy- 
sician, and the sanitarian, or, in a word, to the ecologist, who, 
from the nature of his studies, must, if he is thoroughly to cover 
his field, be something of each and all of these, and still some- 
thing more. 
The last and most essential phase in the expansion and de- 
velopment of our subject is the actual, practical, thoroughgoing 
application of the products of all our work. It is an important 
part of the main thesis of this address that applied entomology 
is not, in any practical and sufficient sense, entomology which 
is merely applicable but of which no application has ever been 
made; but that it is entomology actually applied to the pro- 
tection, amelioration, or promotion of the welfare of man; 
and that, this being the scope of our topic, the means and 
methods of such application—the inducements, incitements, 
constraints, and compulsions necessary to a complete and 
effective application of the results of our entomological in- 
quiries—are as much a part of our subject as any other; that 
they are, indeed, the most important—the all-important part, 
since without their successful use all that precedes must fail 
of its purposed end. Entomology which is not applied is not 
really applied entomology, any more than an ocean voyage 
which ends at the bottom of the sea is a completed voyage. 
We must get our ship into port and unload her cargo or we never 
shall be known as successful navigators, competent for con- 
tinued command. We may find harbor pilots, and men at the 
docks, it is true, prepared and ready to take these terminal 
operations off our hands; but we must at least find the pilots 
and the dockmen, and in their absence we must discharge 
their functions ourselves. 
This is an especially important point to us just now, for 
before we can discuss intelligently the foundations of applied 
entomology we must know how far the structure is to extend 
whose foundations we are about to plan. It is my insistent 
argument that it must, in the very nature of the case, cover 
the whole field of publication, education, community organiza- 
tion, codperative effort, and legal compulsion necessary to 
give the fullest effect to the practical outcome of our ento- 
mological work; that our responsibilities, as official entomolo- 
gists at any rate, do not end until we have done our best to 
see that all this is done or at least provided for. Just what 
