1915} Biology of Juniper Berry Insects 177 
Another parasite belonging to the Ichneumonidz was reared. 
This species was also found when I opened a pupa of Argy- 
resthia which looked paler than the rest. 
THE JUNIPER BERRY MIDGE. 
On October 14, 1914, the berries growing along the bluffs of 
of the Mississippi River, near St. Paul, were found to contain 
a reddish Cecidomyid larva, together with a Tetrastichus larva in 
the same cell. The midge larve are found only at the bottom 
oi the berry, close to the .stem-(Fig. 5 c, Pl. XVIII), there 
being often two or three in one cell. The adults have not, as 
yet, been bred out. The larva is orange-colored, measuring 
about 2.5 mm. while the breast bone is elongate, as shown in 
Fig. 8, Pl. XII. These larve were not found to be present in 
berries from Ithaca, New York. 
DISTRIBUTION AND USES OF JUNIPERUS. 
The Junipers are widely distributed over the United States 
although usually not very abundantly. The berries having a 
rich, aromatic odor, are as yet of no great economic importance. 
They are, however, used in medicine and, to some extent, by the 
Germans who use them in making gin and flavoring sauer kraut. 
They also furnish food for birds. Of greater importance than 
the berries is the timber furnished by the Juniper trees, the 
propagation of which is attended with some difficulty. As a 
result, I have had a number of inquiries regarding sterility of the 
seed, so that a study of the seed-infesting insects has an economic 
importance. Berries were received from many locations, as 
follows: 
Boston, Mass.—On October 29 some berries of Juniperus 
communis were received from Boston but were not infested. 
Morganstown, W. Va.—Received berries February 1 and 
found them infested. 
Blacksburg, Va.—Received berries January 20 and found 
the mites present in great abundance, as well as the larve 
of Gentocerus junipert. There was also evidence of the work 
of the Trypetid larve. 
Taney County, Mo.—On November 16, received some ber- 
ries of Juniperus virginiana but found them normal. 
