292 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. VIII, 
Four larve were cut in the center of the labrum; six pupze 
were operated upon inthe same manner. All the pup# were 
treated essentially alike being cut from the center of the pupal 
labrum toward the left side and slightly upward. The results 
are tabulated below: 
| ’ | 
Location Part Removed |No.Oper-| No. Sur- Results in Adult 
of cut or Attached ated on | viving 
In leg, Tarsal joints removed 4 2 One showed shorter 
tarsal joints. 
In leg, Tarsal joints attached t 3 No modification of 
adult. 
Mid tibia removed 9 4 No modification of 
adult. 
Mid tibia attached | 2 | 1 No modification of 
| adult. 
Tibia femur joint removed 3 2 No modification of 
adult. 
Larval labrum attached 4 4 No modification of 
in center adult. 
Pupal labrum attached 6 | 6 4 showed modification 
| | lrecoveredcompletely 
The result of removing the legs are all the same except for 
the one shown in figure 8 which is a little shorter, has a little 
shorter spur and less numerous and shorter hairs. The pupal 
legs evidently develop in the upper part of the larval leg and 
modification results only when the basal portion is injured. 
Megusar '03, obtained similar results with other beetles. This 
fact explains the rareness of leg abnormalities. 
The experiments on larval labrums gave no results. The 
pupz operated on only emerged as adults in three cases. 
One died before the cuticula hardened. This individu- 
al’s labrum had completely healed but a very dark area 
occupied the area near the cut. One that failed to emerge had 
healed the wound completely. The labrum of the other had 
almost degenerated. The two seen in figures 2 and 3 show some 
similarity to the one. collected in Nevada. The Nevada spec- 
imen suggests that the abnormality is due to a tear in the labrum 
probably at the time of the last larval moult. The larval 
cuticula often sticks to the anterior part of the pupa when the 
surrounding conditions are dry and the Nevada dry climate 
would favor such accidents. 
