NEW NEOTROPICAL TIPULINZ (TIPULIDA, DIPT.). 
CHARLES P. ALEXANDER, Ithaca, N. Y.* 
The following species are included in four collections that I 
have had for study, received from the following sources: The 
American Museum of Natural History, including the Williston 
collection, received through Mr. J. A. Grossbeck; the Cornell 
University Collections consisting of Mr. H. S. Parish’s extensive 
Brazilian material, through Dr. J. C. Bradley; the United States 
National Museum Collections, through Mr. Frederick Knab, 
and a small lot received from Staudinger-Bang-Haas and now 
in my cabinet. I wish to thank the above named gentlemen 
for the loan of this and other interesting crane-fly material. 
The Tipulini, containing the great genera 7ipula and 
Pachyrhina, is, in any region, in a very chaotic condition. The 
genus 77pula with its hundreds of described species has become 
so unwieldly as to be almost unusable. In the Neotropical 
fauna there are described up to the date of this writing, 46 
species of 77pula and 12 of Pachyrhina. Some of these, however, 
are undoubtedly synonomous (as moniliformis Roder and 
ornaticornis v. d. Wulp). The future student of the 77pulini 
should make it a point of obligation to his fellow students to 
describe in detail, and figure if possible, the genitalia of the male 
and female. Mr. R. E. Snodgrass (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.; Vol. 
XXX, pp. 179-236) laid a firm foundation for the study of the 
male hypopygium, and American authors are using this charac- 
ter to some considerable extent. Asan example of a splendid 
revision of a genus of this tribe, I will cite Mr. M. P. Riedel’s 
excellent paper on the Palearctic Pachyrhine.f 
It is probable that hypopygial characters can never be made 
the main basis of subdivision into groups because of the great 
differences in closely-related species and the consequent ten- 
dency to separate forms that are closely allied. At present it 
seems as if Schummel’s old division of species into groups on 
wing-pattern is the best for main group characters. Never- 
theless, hypopygial characters are so constant and so extremely 
important that it would be impractical to ignore them. 
*Entomological Laboratory, Cornell University. 
tDeutschen Entomol. Zeitschr.; Vol. for 1910, p. 409-487, 4 fig. 
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