402 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. V, 
was then placed upon a piece of white paper and usually in 
endeavoring to free itself, the fly would extend, spread and then 
catch hold of the paper with the legs on the opposite side of the 
body from the imprisoned wing, and attempt to pull its body 
away from the forceps. With the limbs in this position any 
leg on one side of the body could be easily cut through with 
either a sharp, spear-pointed or triangular-shaped needle, 
without danger of injuring the other appendages. 
Fig. 1. Middle leg of Mediterranean fruit fly cut through the tibia. This 
specimen thus marked had been set free from the side of a mountain at an eleva- 
tion of about three hundred fifty feet and was captured in a kerosene trap a mile 
and a half from the point of liberation. 
After the amputation, the flies were put into breeding jars 
for a number of days to allow the wounded leg to heal. During 
this time they were fed with dilute molasses and water. The 
molasses was daubed on the sides of the jars by means of a 
camel’s hair brush, while the water was sprayed into the jars 
in the form of a mist. The tops of the jars were covered with 
cheese cloth to allow free circulation of the air and the bottom 
of the jars were covered with sand to absorb the access of 
moisture and molasses. 
The two thousand marked male flies were liberated on the 
outskirts of Honolulu in Manoa Valley which is walled in by 
mountains on all sides except the seaward side. This valley is 
more than two miles in length; in width, it varies from a half 
mile at the head end to a little more than a mile at its mouth, 
the greater portion of the valley being about three-quarters of 
a mile wide, (Pl. XXIX). The elevation of the mountains sur- 
rounding this valley varies from two thousand to two thousand 
five hundred feet at the head end but gradually becoming lower 
towards the mouth, (Pl. XXIX). At some places the sides of 
