THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 
No. 87.] FEBRUARY, MDCCCLXXI. [Price 6d. 
Notes on Gall-makers and their Parasites. By HEnry 
Moncrearfr, Ksq. 
{THIs paper has been in my hands ever since September 
last. I thought it best to wait until Mr. Walker had fully 
determined the species. With his usual kindness he has now 
done this, and his notes are incorporated in brackets. Mr. 
Walker has written on the same subject in the January 
number of the ‘ Zoologist, 8. 8. 2429: his paper is one of 
the most valuable contributions to Entomology that has been 
published for many years. He enters fully into the question 
whether these internal-feeding larve can possibly be phyto- 
phagous at one period and carnivorous at another; and 
alludes to the suggestions thrown out by American entomo- 
logists, and also gravely cousidered by some of our best 
English entomologists, whether many of the Hymenoptera, 
long supposed to be parasites on gall-makers, are not really 
themselves the gall-makers.—H. Newman. | 
I send for your acceptance parasites from several galls, 
&e. 
No. 1. From stems of Festuca ovina: these parasites are 
very abundant. I have not yet reared the gall-maker. The 
galls on this grass are of two forms: the first very elongated 
—from this I have reared nothing but parasites; the second 
more rounded. In one of the latter | have detected a Cynips (?) 
larva: it will be curious if it should turn out that the ravages 
of the parasite cause the galls containing them to assume a 
different shape. 
[ Decatoma mellea of Walker, and Pteromalus fulviventris 
of Walker, both in abundance; and one specimen of Ptero- 
malus Festuce, m.s., were reared, by Mr. Moncreaff, from 
stems of Festuca ovina. | 
No, 2. From imbricated galls of Triticum repens (var. /. 
of Hooker & Arnott). The maker of this gall will also turn 
out to be a Cynips, I think, from what I can see of the larva. 
VOL. Y. Q 
