250 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 
shows the conspicuous galls ; a practised eye will even soon 
tell an injured leaf by the peculiarities of its upper surface. 
If we now look to a remedy, how most effectually to destroy 
the progeny of these midges, it is evident that we have to 
remove the affected leaves before the escape of their inmates. 
Such leaves should be burned, and not simply thrown on the 
manure-heap, else instead of checking the plague we foster 
it; and as an additional precaution we would recommend, 
likewise, to destroy the whole foliage of the season, after its 
fall, instead of letting it rot on the ground.—Albert Miiller ; 
‘ Gardener’s Chronicle, December 31, 1870. 
Encasement of Queen Bees.—FPerhaps there are few more 
unaccountable occurrences in an observant apiarian’s expe- 
rience than the discovery of a small, but hard and densely 
packed ball of living bees, in the centre of which will be 
found, if the trouble be taken of carefully unravelling the 
tangled knot, their own queen, living probably, but in a more 
or less moribund condition. This is a sight, however, which 
seldom comes under the notice of the ordinary bee-keeper, 
who does nor aim at much beyond the commonest methods 
of management. The scientific bee-keeper, particularly if he 
attempts much in the way of making artificial swarms and 
raising artificial queens, will not have pursued his peculiar 
observations and manipulations very long before he will have 
one or more instances of this very interesting, though at the 
same time very disagreeable, encasement of a queen occurring 
under his own immediate notice. The first case of the sort 
that I remember as taking place in my own apiary was 
attended with fatal consequences. A Ligurian queen was 
presented to me by a friend residing at a considerable 
distance. Having been sent in a moderate-sized nucleus 
box, accompanied with the bees of the small artificial swarm 
by which she was reared, and all being sufficiently well 
packed, ventilated, and supplied with food, she arrived in 
very good condition. I was desirous of placing her at the 
head of a strong swarm, so that I might obtain, as soon as 
possible, the full benefit of her breeding powers, and be 
enabled to raise numerous young queens from her, provided 
she proved by her progeny to be a pure-bred Ligurian. She 
was, therefore, enclosed with a few of her subjects in a 
perforated zinc queen cage, which was fixed among the 
