264 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 
Dr. Knaggs, in his ‘ Lepidopterist’s Guide,’ condemns both. 
When such learned and eminent authorities so differ, what is 
a humble member of the “ profanum vulgus,” like myself, to 
think or do?'—E. MacDowel Cosgrave; Reading Rooms, 
Trinity College, Dublin. 
Gall of Ammophila arundinacea.—The galls on Ammo- 
phila arundinacea, Host. (Psamma arenaria, L.), found by 
Mr. Traill, near Aberdeen (as noticed in ‘ Entomologist,’ 
vol. v. p. 189), are not made by a gall-fly, as is supposed by 
Mr. Moncreaff (Entom. 240), but by Eurytoma longipennis 
of Walker, a species of Chalcidite. The same galls were 
discovered in our country by my brother John Ritsema, in 
1868, on the downs, near Landvoort, in Noord-Holland, and 
have produced the above-mentioned insect, which, however, 
is not a parasite. You will find the life-history of this species 
in the ‘Archives Néerlandaises des Sciences exactes,’ vol. v., 
1870; and some remarks on the same subject appear in 
‘Nederlandsch Tydschrift voor Entomologie, 2nd_ series, 
vol. vi. 1871, in the ‘ Proceedings’ of the Scientific Meeting 
of 5th November, 1870.—C. Ritsema, Cz.; Netherlands, 
Leiden, Mare, 642, February 15, 1871. 
S. dealbata in Hertfordshire.-—In your excellent work on 
‘ British Moths’ you say that S. dealbata is very common in 
one or two localities in Kent, but is unknown elsewhere in 
England. I believe it has hitherto been found nowhere else 
but in Kent, and I was, on this account, surprised to come 
across a single specimen whilst collecting on Berkhampstead 
Common, in July, 1869. I cannot be mistaken as to its 
identity, having seen many specimens of this insect, and 
compared mine with them.—C. L. Raynor; Bordyke House, 
Tonbridge, February 16, 1871. 
Variation in Butterflies, Deilephila Galii.—With refer- 
ence to your correspondent’s remarks respecting Epinephele 
Hyperanthus, I beg to state that I possess specimens of the 
insect with the rings distinctly on the upper surface, which 
specimens I shall be glad to send for your inspection if you 
desire it. Ihave also a specimen of Pieris Brassicz, male, 
with a ¢race of black on the upper surface of one of the fore 
wings, in the position occupied by the circular black spot on 
the under surface. I notice, in the last number of ‘ British 
Butterflies, that you do not give Yorkshire as a locality for 
