172 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



anterior margin and near the base (Machcerota not examined) 

 there is an elevated longitudinal keel (pi. ii. f. 3 and 4 c), which 

 varies somewhat in height and shape. These structures on the 

 anterior and posterior wings certainly stand in relation to one 

 another and contribute to the steadiness of the latter in repose. 

 As I have not met such a peculiar formation in any of the other 

 families, this may afford a good family character. 



In Ledra aurita the slightly convex anterior margins are 

 strewn, on a space from the base to the retinaculum, with about 

 twenty hooks of a similar structure to those in Cercopidffi, but I 

 have not been able to find a trace of any keel on the teg- 

 mina. Similar arrangements of hooks may be found in other 

 Jassid genera (in Tiiphloci/ha roses, for example, I have observed 

 them) ; but as a rule they occur neither in Jassinse nor Mem- 

 bracinse. 



In the Fulgoridae the anterior margin of the posterior wings 

 generally presents the shape of a moderately flat arch ; at the 

 summit of the arch it is sometimes {Pceciloptera phalcenoidet) 

 furnished with some sharp thorns, but the arch never assumes 

 the triangular form characteristic of the Cercopidae, and hooks 

 are never found. On the under side of the tegmina one finds, 

 a little from the base in relation to the convex part of the lower 

 wings, a small triangular plate (f. ex. in Fidgora and Pceciloptera) 

 standing out perpendicularly from the wings, which certainly 

 has the same function as, though such a different form from, 

 the longitudinal keel of the Cercopidse. 



In several forms, where the convex portion of the anterior 

 margin of the posterior wings is very feebly marked {Tettigometra, 

 Arceojnis, and Stenocaremis), I have not been able to find the 

 plates on the under side of the tegmina ; nevertheless, in some 

 instances {Calyptoproctus stigma, for ex.), the convex portion may 

 be feeble and the tegminal plate extremely well developed. 

 Though one cannot in this obtain family characters for the Ful- 

 goridfe, it is probable that the above-mentioned differences will 

 afford them for groups or subgroups. 



In the Stridulantia no trace is found of the structures men- 

 tioned in the Fulgoridse or Cercopidae ; the hind wings are held 

 in position during rest by their feebly arched anterior margin 

 resting for some distance close to the strongly salient thick 

 costal area on the fore wings. 



(To be continued.) 



